Template:Endocrine embryo table collapse: Difference between revisions
From Embryology
mNo edit summary |
mNo edit summary |
||
Line 33: | Line 33: | ||
* [[Endocrine - Pineal Development|Pineal]] - cellular migration in an external direction occurs in the pineal body during stages 16 and 17 (Stadium 2 of Turkewitsch)<ref name=Turkewitsch1933>{{Ref-Turkewitsch1933}}</ref><ref name=O'Rahilly1968>{{Ref-O'Rahilly1968}}</ref> | * [[Endocrine - Pineal Development|Pineal]] - cellular migration in an external direction occurs in the pineal body during stages 16 and 17 (Stadium 2 of Turkewitsch)<ref name=Turkewitsch1933>{{Ref-Turkewitsch1933}}</ref><ref name=O'Rahilly1968>{{Ref-O'Rahilly1968}}</ref> | ||
* Thymus - according to Norris (1938)<ref name=Norris1938>{{Ref-Norris1938}}</ref> , "not until the primordium of the parathyroid [3] has been outlined can the remaining portion of the third pouch be recognized, by exclusion, as the primordium of the endodermal thymus". | * Thymus - according to Norris (1938)<ref name=Norris1938>{{Ref-Norris1938}}</ref> , "not until the primordium of the parathyroid [3] has been outlined can the remaining portion of the third pouch be recognized, by exclusion, as the primordium of the endodermal thymus". | ||
* [[Endocrine - Parathyroid Development|Parathyroids]] - parathyrogenic zones are closely related to the third and fourth aortic arches at 9 mm unstaged embryo). <ref name=PolitzerHann1935>{{Ref-PolitzerHann1935}}</ref> Parathyroid 3 is identifiable on the anterior wall of the third pharyngeal pouch (Weller 1933, Fig. 17) and "does not arise from a dorsal lobule" of the pouch.<ref name=Norris1937>{{Ref-Norris1937}}</ref> The "sudden appearance of well-differentiated clear chief cells in the early primordia of the parathyroids" at 9 mm | * [[Endocrine - Parathyroid Development|Parathyroids]] - parathyrogenic zones are closely related to the third and fourth aortic arches at 9 mm unstaged embryo). <ref name=PolitzerHann1935>{{Ref-PolitzerHann1935}}</ref> Parathyroid 3 is identifiable on the anterior wall of the third pharyngeal pouch (Weller 1933, Fig. 17) and "does not arise from a dorsal lobule" of the pouch.<ref name=Norris1937>{{Ref-Norris1937}}</ref> The "sudden appearance of well-differentiated clear chief cells in the early primordia of the parathyroids" at 9 mm.<ref name=Norris1937>{{Ref-Norris1937}}</ref> | ||
* [[Endocrine - Thyroid Development|Thyroid]] - has lost its continuity with the pharynx and it consists of two lobes, an isthmus, and a remnant of the pedicle.<ref name=Weller1933>{{Ref-Weller1933}}</ref> | * [[Endocrine - Thyroid Development|Thyroid]] - has lost its continuity with the pharynx and it consists of two lobes, an isthmus, and a remnant of the pedicle.<ref name=Weller1933>{{Ref-Weller1933}}</ref> | ||
* [[Endocrine - Adrenal Development|Adrenal]] | * [[Endocrine - Adrenal Development|Adrenal]] | ||
** Adrenal Cortex - Another type of cell (C3) arises from the coelomic epithelium. Both C1 and C3 cells enter the suprarenal primordium. An "enormous immigration" of C2 cells occurs.<ref name=Crowder1957>{{Ref-Crowder1957}}</ref> | ** Adrenal Cortex - Another type of cell (C3) arises from the coelomic epithelium. Both C1 and C3 cells enter the suprarenal primordium. An "enormous immigration" of C2 cells occurs.<ref name=Crowder1957>{{Ref-Crowder1957}}</ref> | ||
** Adrenal Medulla - cells of neural origin are migrating into the gland, separating the cortical cells into islands. Nerve fibres from the ganglia | ** Adrenal Medulla - cells of neural origin are migrating into the gland, separating the cortical cells into islands. Nerve fibres from the ganglia accompany the M1 and M3 cells. The M2 cells remain in the ganglia and become sympathetic ganglion cells.<ref name=Crowder1957>{{Ref-Crowder1957}}</ref> | ||
* Pancreas - dorsal pancreas and the ventral pancreas are contiguous.<ref name=Blechschmidt1973>{{Ref-Blechschmidt1973}}</ref> | * Pancreas - dorsal pancreas and the ventral pancreas are contiguous.<ref name=Blechschmidt1973>{{Ref-Blechschmidt1973}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- |
Revision as of 14:49, 1 November 2016
Human Endocrine - Embryonic Timeline |
---|
Data based on data from O'Rahilly (1983).[1] |
Stage 13 (week 4)
|
Stage 14 (week 5)
|
Stage 15
|
Stage 16 (week 6)
|
Stage 17
|
Stage 18 (week 7)
|
Stage 19
|
Stage 20 (week 8)
(1938), of migration of and covering by "cells derived from the cervical sinus".
Weller (1933, Fig. 23) showed parathyroid 3 still rostral to parathyroid 4 at 23 mm, whereas (presumably due to variation in the "descent" of the thymus) (Norris 1937, Fig. 4[17]) showed parathyroid 3 rostral to, level with, and caudal to parathyroid 4 in embryos of 16-17 mm. |
Stage 21
|
Stage 22
|
Stage 23
|
- ↑ O'Rahilly R. The timing and sequence of events in the development of the human endocrine system during the embryonic period proper. (1983) Anat. Embryol., 166: 439-451. PMID 6869855
- ↑ O'Rahilly R. Developmental Stages in Human Embryos, Including a Survey of the Carnegie Collection. Part A: Embryos of the First Three Weeks (Stages 1 to 9). (1973) Carnegie Instn. Wash. Publ. 631. Washington, D.C.
- ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 Weller GL. Development of the thyroid, parathyroid and thymus glands in man. (1933) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. 24: 93-139.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Norris EH. The morphogenesis and histogenesis of the thymus gland in man: in which the origin of the Hassal's corpuscles of the human thymus is discovered. (1938) Contrib Embryol Carneg Instn 27: 191-207.
- ↑ Politzer G. Zur Abgrenzung des Anlagebegriffes, er6rtert an der Friihentwicklung von Parathyreoidea, Pancreas und Thyreoidea (Delineation of the development of the parathyroids, the pancreas, and the thyroid gland). (1952) Acta Anat 15:68-84.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Streeter GL. Developmental horizons in human embryos. Description of age group XIII, embryos about 4 or 5 millimeters long, and age group XIV, period of indentation of the lens vesicle. (1945) Carnegie Instn. Wash. Publ. 557, Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash., 31: 27-63.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 O'Rahilly R. The early development of the hypophysis cerebri in staged human embryos. (1973) Anat Rec 175:511.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Politzer G, Hann F. Uber die Emwicklung der branchiogenen Organe beim Menschen (On the development of the branchiogenic organs in humans). (1935) Z Anat Entw Gesctl 104: 671-708.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Blechschmidt E. Die prdnatalen Organsysteme des Menschen. (1973) Hippokrates, Stuttgart.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Streeter GL. Developmental horizons in human embryos. Description of age groups XV, XVI, XVII, and XVIII, being the third issue of a survey of the Carnegie collection. (1948) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. 575, 32: 133-203.
- ↑ Odgers PN. Some observations on the development of the ventral pancreas in man. (1930) J. Anat., 65(1): 1-7. PMID 17104298
- ↑ 12.00 12.01 12.02 12.03 12.04 12.05 12.06 12.07 12.08 12.09 12.10 12.11 Crowder RE. The development of the adrenal gland in man, with special reference to origin and ultimate location of cell types and evidence in favor of the "cell migration" theory. (1957) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. 36, 193-210.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 Turketwitsch N. Die Entwicklung der Zirbeldrüse des Menschen (The development of the pineal gland in humans). (1933) Morphol Jb 72: 379-445.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 O'Rahilly R. The development of the epiphysis cerebri and the subcommissural complex in staged human embryos. (1968) Anat. Rec., 160: 488-489.
- ↑ Grosser O. The development of the pharynx and of the organs of respiration. In: F. Keibel, F.P. Mall (ed) Manual of human embryology. (1912) Philadelphia, Lippincott, pp 446-497.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 Jirásek JE. Human fetal endocrines. (1980) Martinus Nijhoff Publishers BV, The Hague. Springer
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 Norris EH. The parathyroid glands and the lateral thyroid in man: their morphogenesis, histogenesis, topographic anatomy and prenatal growth. (1937) Contrib Embryol Carneg Instn 26: 247-294
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 <pubmed>5117462</pubmed>
- ↑ Siegler R. The thymus and the unicorn-two great myths of gross anatomy. (1969) Anat Rec. 163: 264.