Klinefelter syndrome: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Klinefelter syndrome karyotype.jpg|thumb|Klinefelter syndrome karyotype]] | [[File:Klinefelter syndrome karyotype.jpg|thumb|Klinefelter syndrome karyotype]] | ||
Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY, XXY syndrome or condition, XXY trisomy) affects male physical and cognitive development. The extra copy of genes on the X chromosome interferes with male sexual development and can prevent the normal function of the testis testes, reducing the levels of testosterone. The signs and symptoms vary among affected individuals. | Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY, XXY syndrome or condition, XXY trisomy) affects male physical and cognitive development. The extra copy of genes on the X chromosome interferes with male sexual development and can prevent the normal function of the testis testes, reducing the levels of testosterone. The signs and symptoms vary among affected individuals. | ||
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Rare variations include 47,XXY/46,XY (mosaic syndrome) and Poly-X Klinefelter syndrome: 48,XXYY (or tetrasomy), 48,XXXY (or tetrasomy) and 49,XXXXY (or pentasomy). | Rare variations include 47,XXY/46,XY (mosaic syndrome) and Poly-X Klinefelter syndrome: 48,XXYY (or tetrasomy), 48,XXXY (or tetrasomy) and 49,XXXXY (or pentasomy). | ||
First described in 1942 by Dr Harry Klinefelter.{{Ref-Klinefelter1942}} | |||
{{Genetic}} | {{Genetic}} |
Revision as of 14:35, 7 May 2018
Embryology - 4 May 2024 Expand to Translate |
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Introduction
Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY, XXY syndrome or condition, XXY trisomy) affects male physical and cognitive development. The extra copy of genes on the X chromosome interferes with male sexual development and can prevent the normal function of the testis testes, reducing the levels of testosterone. The signs and symptoms vary among affected individuals.
Rare variations include 47,XXY/46,XY (mosaic syndrome) and Poly-X Klinefelter syndrome: 48,XXYY (or tetrasomy), 48,XXXY (or tetrasomy) and 49,XXXXY (or pentasomy).
First described in 1942 by Dr Harry Klinefelter.Klinefelter HF. Reifenstein EC. and Albright F. Syndrome characterized by gynecomastia aspermatogenes without A-Leydigism and increased excretion of follicle stimulating hormone. (1942) J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2:615–627.
Genital System - Abnormalities
Some Recent Findings
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Features
Affects male physical and cognitive development. Small testes that do not produce as much testosterone as usual.
- delayed or incomplete puberty, breast enlargement (gynecomastia), reduced facial and body hair, and an inability to have biological children (infertility).
- Some affected individuals also have genital differences - undescended testes (cryptorchidism), (hypospadias), or an unusually small penis (micropenis).
- Children may have learning disabilities and delayed speech and language development. Tend to be quiet, sensitive, and unassertive, but personality characteristics vary among affected individuals.
- Older children and adults tend to be taller than their peers.
(Text modified from Genetics Home Reference - Klinefelter syndrome)
References
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- Genetics Home Reference Klinefelter syndrome
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, May 4) Embryology Klinefelter syndrome. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Klinefelter_syndrome
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G