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A Glossary of Histological and Micro-Anatomical Terms

Histology Glossary: A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z

Including historical origins and eponyms compiled by Dr Brian Freeman, Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, revised 2000.

ANAT2241 Support | Histology | Histology Stains | Historic Terminology | Embryology Glossary

Abbreviations: ( ) plural form in brackets, A. Arabic, abb. abbreviation, c. circa =about, F. French adj. adjective, G. Greek, Ge. German, cf. compare, L. Latin, dim. diminutive, NA. Nomina anatomica, q.v. which see, OF. Old French

Oddi, Ruggero. (19th centuary, no dates) Perugia physiologist; sphincter of O. (1887) = circular smooth muscle fibres at termination of bile duct, first described by Glisson, q.v. (1654)

odontoblast G. odons = tooth + blastos = germ; cells which produce and maintain dentine.

oedema (-mata) G. oidema = swelling; excessive accumulation of fluid in tissue spaces.

oesophagus G. oiso = future of phero = I carry + pahgein = to eat; G. oisophagos = gullet, or tube carrying food from pharynx to stomach.

oligodendrocyte G. oligos = a little + dendron = tree + kytos = hollow vessel; a type of glial cell with few processes, responsible for making myelin sheaths in the central nervous system (del Hortega, 1921); cf. Schwann cell.

oncocyte G. oncos = mass + kytos = hollow vessel; solitary large glandular cell.

oocyte G. öon = egg + kytos = hollow vessel (cell); germ cell in ovary.

oolemma G. öon = egg + lemma = sheath; the zona pellucida, q.v.

ora serrata L. ora = sea-shore, extremity of something + serra = saw; notched anterior border of neural part of retina.

oral adj. L. os, oris = mouth; e.g. os uteri .

orbicularis oculi L. orbiculus = small circle, dim. L. orbis = a circle + oculus = eye; muscle around eye.

orbicularis oris L. " + oris = of a mouth; muscle around mouth.

organelle dim. of G. organon = a living part of body with special function, hence a little body; an intracellular component, e.g., a mitochondrion.

orthochromatophilic G. ortho = straight, correct + chroma = colour + philein = to love; of a type of erythroblast with a normal staining reaction for haemoglobin.

os L. os, ossis = a bone, e.g. os innominatum .

osmium tetroxide chemical staining lipids black.

ossicle L. ossiculum = a little bone, dim. L. os .

ossification L. os = bone + facere = to make.

osteoblast G. osteon = bone + blastos = germ; immature bone-producing cell.

osteoclast G. " + klan = to break; multinucleated bone cell that can reabsorp bone.

osteocyte G. " + kytos = hollow vessel, cell; mature bone cell.

osteogenic adj. G. " + gennan = to produce; of cells and conditions leading to ossification.

osteoid G. " + -oeides = of the form of; uncalcified, organic extracellular matrix of immature bone laid down by osteoblasts.

osteon G. = bone; system of concentric bony lamellae surrounding a canal containing nerves, blood vessels, etc.; cf. Havers.

ostium L. = a door.

otolith G. otikos = of the ear (G. ous = the ear) + lithos = stone; cystals embedded in mucus of maculae of utricle and saccule.

ovary L. ovum = egg, L. ovarius = a skilled and respected slave who looked after chickens and their eggs; the female gonad (Stensen, 1667). NB. " ovarium " is not Latin.

oviduct L. ovum = egg + ductus = a path; salpinx; uterine tube; cf. Fallopius.

ovum L. = an egg; oocyte.

oxyntic adj. G. oxyntos = making acid; parietal cells in gastric mucosa.

oxyphil G. oxys = sour, sharp + philein = to love; staining readily with acidic dyes.

oxytocin G. oxys = sharp, swift + tokos = childbirth; a hormone producing strong contractions of the uterine muscle.

Histology Glossary: A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | ANAT2241 Support | Histology | Histology Stains | Embryology Glossary

Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, April 26) Embryology Histology Glossary - O. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Histology_Glossary_-_O

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+'''Oddi''',''' '''Ruggero. (19th centuary, no dates) Perugia physiologist;''' '''sphincter of O. (1887) = circular smooth muscle fibres at termination of bile duct, first described by Glisson, q.v. (1654)
+'''odontoblast''' G.  ''odons '' = tooth +  ''blastos '' = germ; cells which produce and maintain dentine.
+'''oedema''' '''(-mata)''' G.  ''oidema '' = swelling; excessive accumulation of fluid in tissue spaces.
+'''oesophagus''' G.  ''oiso '' = future of  ''phero '' = I carry +  ''pahgein '' = to eat; G.  ''oisophagos '' = gullet, or tube carrying food from pharynx to stomach.
+'''oligodendrocyte''' G.  ''oligos '' = a little +  ''dendron '' = tree +  ''kytos '' = hollow vessel; a type of glial cell with few processes, responsible for making myelin sheaths in the central nervous system (del Hortega, 1921); cf. Schwann cell.
+'''oncocyte '''G.  ''oncos '' = mass +  ''kytos '' = hollow vessel; solitary large glandular cell.
+'''oocyte''' G. '' &ouml;on '' = egg +  ''kytos '' = hollow vessel (cell); germ cell in ovary.
+'''oolemma '''G.  ''&ouml;on  ''= egg +  ''lemma '' = sheath; the zona pellucida, q.v.
+'''ora serrata''' L.  ''ora '' = sea-shore, extremity of something +  ''serra '' = saw; notched anterior border of neural part of retina.
+'''oral '''adj. L.  ''os, oris '' = mouth; e.g.  ''os uteri ''.
+'''orbicularis oculi''' L.  ''orbiculus '' = small circle, dim. L.  ''orbis '' = a circle +  ''oculus '' = eye; muscle around eye.
+'''orbicularis oris''' L. " +  ''oris '' = of a mouth; muscle around mouth.
+'''organelle''' dim. of G.  ''organon '' = a living part of body with special function, hence a little body; an intracellular component, e.g., a mitochondrion.
+'''orthochromatophilic''' G.  ''ortho '' = straight, correct +  ''chroma '' = colour +  ''philein '' = to love; of a type of erythroblast with a normal staining reaction for haemoglobin.
+'''os '''L. '' os, ossis '' = a bone, e.g.  ''os innominatum ''.
+'''osmium tetroxide''' chemical staining lipids black.
+'''ossicle '''L.  ''ossiculum '' = a little bone, dim. L.  ''os ''.
+'''ossification''' L.  ''os '' = bone +  ''facere '' = to make.
+'''osteoblast''' G.  ''osteon '' = bone +  ''blastos '' = germ; immature bone-producing cell.
+'''osteoclast''' G. " +  ''klan '' = to break; multinucleated bone cell that can reabsorp bone.
+'''osteocyte''' G. " +  ''kytos '' = hollow vessel, cell; mature bone cell.
+'''osteogenic '''adj.''' '''G. " +  ''gennan '' = to produce; of cells and conditions leading to ossification.
+'''osteoid''' G. " +  ''-oeides '' = of the form of; uncalcified, organic extracellular matrix of immature bone laid down by osteoblasts.
+'''osteon''' G. = bone; system of concentric bony lamellae surrounding a canal containing nerves, blood vessels, etc.; cf. Havers.
+'''ostium '''L. = a door.
+'''otolith''' G.  ''otikos '' = of the ear (G.  ''ous '' = the ear) +  ''lithos '' = stone; cystals embedded in mucus of maculae of utricle and saccule.
+'''ovary '''L.  ''ovum '' = egg, L.  ''ovarius '' = a skilled and respected slave who looked after chickens and their eggs; the female gonad (Stensen, 1667). NB. " ''ovarium ''" is not Latin.
+'''oviduct '''L.  ''ovum '' = egg +  ''ductus '' = a path; salpinx; uterine tube; cf. Fallopius.
+'''ovum '''L. = an egg; oocyte.
+'''oxyntic '''adj.''' '''G.  ''oxyntos '' = making acid; parietal cells in gastric mucosa.
+'''oxyphil''' G.  ''oxys  ''= sour, sharp +  ''philein '' = to love; staining readily with acidic dyes.
+'''oxytocin''' G.  ''oxys '' = sharp, swift +  ''tokos '' = childbirth; a hormone producing strong contractions of the uterine muscle.
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