Endocrine - Other Tissues: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 01:27, 26 April 2010

Introduction

A growing number of other tissues have been shown to have a range of associated endocrine functions.

Historic Embryology - Endocrine
1903 Islets of Langerhans \| 1903 Pig Adrenal \| 1904 interstitial Cells \| 1908 Pancreas Different Species \| 1908 Pituitary \| 1908 Pituitary histology \| 1911 Rathke's pouch \| 1912 Suprarenal Bodies \| 1914 Suprarenal Organs \| 1915 Pharynx \| 1916 Thyroid \| 1918 Rabbit Hypophysis \| 1920 Adrenal \| 1935 Mammalian Hypophysis \| 1926 Human Hypophysis \| 1927 Adrenal \| 1927 Hypophyseal fossa \| 1930 Adrenal \| 1932 Pineal Gland and Cysts \| 1935 Hypophysis \| 1935 Pineal \| 1937 Pineal \| 1935 Parathyroid \| 1940 Adrenal \| 1941 Thyroid \| 1950 Thyroid Parathyroid Thymus \| 1957 Adrenal

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Endocrine Heart

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) - Increase Filtration rate / decrease Na+ reabsorption
Endothelins - ET-1, ET-2, ET-3, Vasoconstriction / Increase NO
Nitric oxide (NO) - Vasodilatation

Endocrine Kidney

Renin - Increase Angiotensin-aldosterone system
Prostaglandins - decrease Na+ reabsorption
Erythropoietin - Increase Erythrocyte (rbc) production
1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D - calcium homeostasis
Prekallikreins - Increase Kinin production

Gastrointestinal Tract Endocrine

The gastrointestinal tract has its own complex entero-endocrine system (enterohormones) that regulates many regional tract functions.

Gastrin - Secreted from stomach (G cells), role in control of gastric acid secretion
Cholecystokinin - small intestine hormone, stimulates secretion of pancreatic enzymes and bile
Secretin - small intestine hormone (epithelial cells), stimulates secretion of bicarbonate-rich fluids from pancreas and liver

Cells within the stomach express a range of peptide hormones known to regulate a range of gastric functions including secretion of digestive enzymes, mucous and the movement of the luminal contents. The list below shows the earliest detectible presence of specific hormone-containing cells in regions of the developing human stomach.^[1]

8 weeks - Gastrin containing cells in stomach antrum. Somatostatin cells in both the antrum and the fundus.
10 weeks - Glucagon containing cells in stomach fundus.
11 weeks - Serotonin containing cells in both the antrum and the fundus.

Adipose Tissue

UNSW Embryology - Endocrine Adipose Tissue

Leptin - polypeptide hormone produced in adipose and many other tissues with also many different roles
Adiponectin - regulation of energy homeostasis and glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as acting as an anti-inflammatory on the cellular vascular wall
Resistin - (for resistance to insulin, RETN) a 108 amino acid polypeptide and the related resistin-like protein-beta (Resistin-like molecule-beta, RELMbeta) stimulate endogenous glucose production

References

↑ The ontogeny of regulatory peptide-containing cells in the human fetal stomach: an immunocytochemical study. Stein BA, Buchan AM, Morris J, Polak JM. J Histochem Cytochem. 1983 Sep;31(9):1117-25. PMID: 6136542

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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, May 15) Embryology Endocrine - Other Tissues. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Endocrine_-_Other_Tissues

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[1] The ontogeny of regulatory peptide-containing cells in the human fetal stomach: an immunocytochemical study. Stein BA, Buchan AM, Morris J, Polak JM. J Histochem Cytochem. 1983 Sep;31(9):1117-25. PMID: 6136542

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	Cells within the stomach express a range of peptide hormones known to regulate a range of gastric functions including secretion of digestive enzymes, mucous and the movement of the luminal contents. The list below shows the earliest detectible presence of specific hormone-containing cells in regions of the developing human stomach.<ref>The ontogeny of regulatory peptide-containing cells in the human fetal stomach: an immunocytochemical study. Stein BA, Buchan AM, Morris J, Polak JM. J Histochem Cytochem. 1983 Sep;31(9):1117-25. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6136542 PMID: 6136542]		Cells within the stomach express a range of peptide hormones known to regulate a range of gastric functions including secretion of digestive enzymes, mucous and the movement of the luminal contents. The list below shows the earliest detectible presence of specific hormone-containing cells in regions of the developing human stomach.<ref>The ontogeny of regulatory peptide-containing cells in the human fetal stomach: an immunocytochemical study. Stein BA, Buchan AM, Morris J, Polak JM. J Histochem Cytochem. 1983 Sep;31(9):1117-25. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6136542 PMID: 6136542]</ref>

	* 8 weeks - Gastrin containing cells in stomach antrum. Somatostatin cells in both the antrum and the fundus.		* 8 weeks - Gastrin containing cells in stomach antrum. Somatostatin cells in both the antrum and the fundus.