Birth - Macrosomia
Embryology - 20 Jun 2024 Expand to Translate |
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Introduction
Large gestational age (LGA) or macrosomia is a term used to describe a newborn with an excessive birth weight due to a range of known and unknown causes. There are many different definitions that have been used for to this term, generally a birth weight of 4000 to 4500 g (8 lb 13 oz to 9 lb 15 oz) or greater than 90% for gestational age after correcting for neonatal sex and ethnicity.
A recent study of USA data[1] suggests adverse perinatal outcomes of birthweight exceeded the 97th percentile. Their definition was a "birthweight greater than 4500 g in Whites, or 4300 g in Blacks and Hispanics regardless of gestational age is the optimal threshold to define macrosomia. A birthweight greater than the 97th percentile for a given gestational age, irrespective of race is also reasonable to define macrosomia."
- Duration of gestation - growth past the due date.
- maternal diabetes - presence of gestational diabetes; and class A, B, and C diabetes mellitus.
- Genetic Syndromes and Tumours - a range of overgrowth syndromes associated with developmental delay, tumors, and other anomalies with genetic causes and syndromes (Pallister-Killian, Beckwith-Wiedemann, Sotos, Perlman, and Simpson-Golabi-Behmel) rarely diagnosed prenatally.
Currently there is clinical research looking into the best mathematical formula, based upon ultrasound measurements, to estimate the possibility of macrosomia occurring.
Some Recent Findings
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More recent papers |
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This table allows an automated computer search of the external PubMed database using the listed "Search term" text link.
More? References | Discussion Page | Journal Searches | 2019 References | 2020 References Search term: Macrosomia <pubmed limit=5>Macrosomia</pubmed> |
Birth Weight Classification
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Birth weight (grams) | less 500 | 500 – 999 | 1,000 – 1,499 | 1,500 – 1,999 | 2,000 – 2,499 | 2,500 – 2,999 | 3,000 – 3,499 | 3,500 – 3,999 | 4,000 – 4,499 | 4,500 – 4,999 | 5,000 or more |
Classification |
Korea
Birth statistics of high birth weight infants (macrosomia) in Korea.[6]
We used 2 data sources, namely, the hospital units (1960's to 1990's) and Statistics Korea (1993 to 2010). The analyses include the incidence of high birth weight infants (HBWIs), birth weight distribution, sex ratio, and the relationship of HBWI to maternal age. The incidence of HBWIs for the past 50 years has been dropping in Korea. The older the mother, the higher was the risk of a HBWI and LBWI. We hope that these findings would be utilized as basic data that will aid those managing HBWIs.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Ye J, Zhang L, Chen Y, Fang F, Luo Z & Zhang J. (2014). Searching for the definition of macrosomia through an outcome-based approach. PLoS ONE , 9, e100192. PMID: 24941024 DOI.
- ↑ Zeki R, Wang AY, Lui K, Li Z, Oats JJN, Homer CSE & Sullivan EA. (2018). Neonatal outcomes of live-born term singletons in vertex presentation born to mothers with diabetes during pregnancy by mode of birth: a New South Wales population-based retrospective cohort study. BMJ Paediatr Open , 2, e000224. PMID: 29637191 DOI.
- ↑ Nanda S, Akolekar R, Sarquis R, Mosconi AP & Nicolaides KH. (2011). Maternal serum adiponectin at 11 to 13 weeks of gestation in the prediction of macrosomia. Prenat. Diagn. , 31, 479-83. PMID: 21394735 DOI.
- ↑ Bennini JR, Marussi EF, Barini R, Faro C & Peralta CF. (2010). Birth-weight prediction by two- and three-dimensional ultrasound imaging. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol , 35, 426-33. PMID: 20069666 DOI.
- ↑ Vora N & Bianchi DW. (2009). Genetic considerations in the prenatal diagnosis of overgrowth syndromes. Prenat. Diagn. , 29, 923-9. PMID: 19609940 DOI.
- ↑ Kang BH, Moon JY, Chung SH, Choi YS, Lee KS, Chang JY & Bae CW. (2012). Birth statistics of high birth weight infants (macrosomia) in Korea. Korean J Pediatr , 55, 280-5. PMID: 22977440 DOI.
Reviews
Walsh JM & McAuliffe FM. (2012). Prediction and prevention of the macrosomic fetus. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. , 162, 125-30. PMID: 22459652 DOI.
Articles
De Reu PA, Smits LJ, Oosterbaan HP & Nijhuis JG. (2008). Value of a single early third trimester fetal biometry for the prediction of birth weight deviations in a low risk population. J Perinat Med , 36, 324-9. PMID: 18598122 DOI.
Search Pubmed
Search Pubmed: Macrosomia | high birth weight
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- American Academy of Family Physicians Management of Suspected Fetal Macrosomia (2001)
- MedlinePlus Topic
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, June 20) Embryology Birth - Macrosomia. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Birth_-_Macrosomia
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G