In Vitro Fertilization

From Embryology

Introduction

In vitro fertilization covers the aided fertilization process, in contrast with in vivo fertilization which is the normal uterine occuring fertilization process. From the first successful IVF carried out in the UK in 1978 by Steptoe PC, et al. this technique continues to grow worldwide with new medical technologies.

The Latin, In vitro = "in glass" meaning in essence a test tube as apposed to in vivo (in life or a living body). Note that even in vivo fertilization can also now be assisted through some fertility drug treatments. Both processes have the same biological outcome, fusion of male and female gametes to form a diploid zygote.

In Australia during 2005 1,596 IVF babies were born. In the same year in Australia and New Zealand 51,017 treatment cycles were reported, an increase of 13.7% of ART treatment cycles from 2004. In all countries using Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART), pregnancy rates vary for the different methods of treatment and also between individual IVF or GIFT units. In Australia best clinical pregnancy rate (per 100 oocyte retrieval cycles) by most successful 25% of all clinics increased from 24.9% (1998) to 34.4% (2001) (NPSU data - ART 2002 report)

Fertilization Links: fertilization | oocyte | spermatozoa | meiosis | | ovary | testis | menstrual cycle | zona pellucida | zygote | granulosa cell Lecture - Fertilization | 2016 Lecture | mitosis | Lecture - Week 1 and 2 | hydatidiform mole | Assisted Reproductive Technology | | morula | blastocyst | Lecture - Genital Development | Category:Fertilization
Historic Embryology - Fertilization 
1910 Fertilization | 1919 Human Ovum | 1921 The Ovum | 1927 First polar body | 1929 Oocyte Size | 1943 Fertilization | 1944 In vitro fertilization | 1948 In vitro fertilization


Some Recent Findings

  • A randomized controlled study of human serum albumin and serum substitute supplement as protein supplements for IVF culture and the effect on live birth rates. Meintjes M, Chantilis SJ, Ward DC, Douglas JD, Rodriguez AJ, Guerami AR, Bookout DM, Barnett BD, Madden JD. Hum Reprod. 2009 Apr;24(4):782-9. Epub 2009 Jan 14. PMID: 19147504

18 Ways to Make a Baby

  1. Natural sex
  2. Artificial insemination - of mother with father's sperm
  3. Artificial insemination - of mother with donor sperm
  4. Artificial insemination - with egg and sperm donors, using surrogate mother
  5. In vitro fertilization (IVF) - using egg and sperm of parents
  6. IVF - with Intra-Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)
  7. IVF - with frozen embryos
  8. IVF - with Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD)
  9. IVF - with egg donor
  10. IVF - with sperm donor
  11. IVF - with egg and sperm donor
  12. IVF - with surrogate using parents' egg and sperm
  13. IVF - with surrogate and egg donor
  14. IVF - with surrogate and sperm donor
  15. IVF - with surrogate using her egg, sperm from baby's father
  16. IVF - with surrogate using egg and sperm donors*
  17. Cytoplasmic transfer**
  18. Nuclear transfer and cloning

Embryo Culture Milestones

  • 1949 8 cell mouse embryo -> blastocyst (in saline and egg yolk)
  • 1956 8 cell mouse embryo -> blastocyst (first embryo culture medium)
  • 1957 2 cell mouse embryo -> blastocyst
  • 1958 8 cell mouse embryo -> blastocyst, then transferred to pregnant recipient
  • 1960's development of culture requirements for mouse mebryos
  • 1965 2 cell mouse embryo -> blastocyst, then transferred into pseudopregnant recipient
  • 1968 zygotes from mouse -> blastocysts
  • 1968,70 2 & 4 cell rabbit embryos -> blastocyst in serum supplemented medium
  • 1970,71 1 & 2 cell rabbit embryos -> blastocyst in defined medium
  • 1970,81 Culture of in vitro fertilized human embryo -> 16 cells -> blastula
  • 1998 Cloning of adult sheep "dolly"
  • 2004 Cloning of human blastocysts

Data modified from[1]

Oldest IVF Mother

There is still risk, ethical and genetic debate about very old women becoming pregnant by IVF.

  • 2003 India - A 65-year old Indian woman was the oldest in the world to give birth by IVF. (More? ABC News)
  • 2006 United Kingdom - A 62-year old woman has become the UK's oldest woman to give birth to a child. (More? IVF Net)
  • 2008 Australia - A 54-year old woman has become Australia's oldest woman pregnant by IVF (most Australian IVF clinics do not treat women over 50)

External Links

References

  1. ↑ Culture of preimplantation embryos: facts and artifacts. Bavister BD. Hum Reprod Update. 1995 Mar;1(2):91-148. Review. PMID: 15726768


Reviews

Articles

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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, June 1) Embryology In Vitro Fertilization. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/In_Vitro_Fertilization

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© Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G
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