Template:Endocrine embryo table: Difference between revisions
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| [[Carnegie stage 13|'''Stage 13''']] (week 4) | | [[Carnegie stage 13|'''Stage 13''']] (week 4) | ||
* [[Endocrine - Pituitary Development|Hypophysis]] - basement membranes of the craniopharyngeal pouch and the brain are clearly in contact.<ref name=O'Rahilly1973>{{Ref-O'Rahilly1973}}</ref> | * [[Endocrine - Pituitary Development|Hypophysis]] - basement membranes of the craniopharyngeal pouch and the brain are clearly in contact.<ref name=O'Rahilly1973>{{Ref-O'Rahilly1973}}</ref> | ||
* Thymus - Weller (1933)<ref name=Weller1933>{{Ref-Weller1933}}</ref> recognized already a thymic primordium "of considerable size" on the ventral part of the third pharyngeal pouch, whereas Norris (1938) considered this stage to be "preprimordial" | * Thymus - Weller (1933)<ref name=Weller1933>{{Ref-Weller1933}}</ref> recognized already a thymic primordium "of considerable size" on the ventral part of the third pharyngeal pouch, whereas Norris (1938)<ref name=Norris1938>{{Ref-Norris1938}}</ref> considered this stage to be "preprimordial" | ||
* [[Endocrine - Thyroid Development|Thyroid]] - median thyroid is now bilobed and is connected to the pharynx by a hollow pedicle.<ref name=Weller1933>{{Ref-Weller1933}}</ref> The telopharyngeal body has been regarded as a "lateral thyroid component" by some workers.<ref name=Weller1933>{{Ref-Weller1933}}</ref> | * [[Endocrine - Thyroid Development|Thyroid]] - median thyroid is now bilobed and is connected to the pharynx by a hollow pedicle.<ref name=Weller1933>{{Ref-Weller1933}}</ref> The telopharyngeal body has been regarded as a "lateral thyroid component" by some workers.<ref name=Weller1933>{{Ref-Weller1933}}</ref> | ||
* Pancreas - ventral pancreas may perhaps be distinguishable.<ref name=Politzer1952>{{Ref-Politzer1952}}</ref> | * Pancreas - ventral pancreas may perhaps be distinguishable.<ref name=Politzer1952>{{Ref-Politzer1952}}</ref> | ||
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* Adrenal Cortex - A change in the characteristics of the cells of the coelomic epithelium appears between the mesogastrium and the lateral end of the mesonephros.<ref name=Crowder1957>{{Ref-Crowder1957}}</ref> | * Adrenal Cortex - A change in the characteristics of the cells of the coelomic epithelium appears between the mesogastrium and the lateral end of the mesonephros.<ref name=Crowder1957>{{Ref-Crowder1957}}</ref> | ||
* Adrenal Medulla - paravertebral sympathetic ganglia increase in size as a result of cell division and the addition of nerve fibres from the rami communicantes. The ganglia contain three types of cells: MI, M2, and M3. The M3 cells are the" parasympathetic cells" of Zuckerkandl.<ref name=Crowder1957>{{Ref-Crowder1957}}</ref> | * Adrenal Medulla - paravertebral sympathetic ganglia increase in size as a result of cell division and the addition of nerve fibres from the rami communicantes. The ganglia contain three types of cells: MI, M2, and M3. The M3 cells are the" parasympathetic cells" of Zuckerkandl.<ref name=Crowder1957>{{Ref-Crowder1957}}</ref> | ||
* Pancreas - ventral pancreas (which may perhaps be distinguishable as early as stage 13) appears as an evagination from the bile duct at stages 14 | * Pancreas - ventral pancreas (which may perhaps be distinguishable as early as stage 13) appears as an evagination from the bile duct at stages 14<ref name=Blechschmidt1973>{{Ref-Blechschmidt1973}}</ref> and 15 (Streeter 1948). It is generally described as unpaired but, at least in some cases, may perhaps be bilobed<ref name=Odgers1930>{{Ref-Odgers1930}}</ref> or even multiple (Delmas 1939). | ||
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| [[Carnegie stage 15|'''Stage 15''']] | | [[Carnegie stage 15|'''Stage 15''']] | ||
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* [[Endocrine - Pineal Development|Epiphysis]] - cellular migration in an external direction occurs in the pineal body during stages 16 and 17 (Stadium 2 of Turkewitsch<ref name=Turkewitsch1933>{{Ref-Turkewitsch1933}}</ref> (O'Rahilly 1968). | * [[Endocrine - Pineal Development|Epiphysis]] - cellular migration in an external direction occurs in the pineal body during stages 16 and 17 (Stadium 2 of Turkewitsch<ref name=Turkewitsch1933>{{Ref-Turkewitsch1933}}</ref> (O'Rahilly 1968). | ||
* Thymus - according to Norris (1938), "not until the primordium of the parathyroid [3] has been outlined can the remaining portion of the third pouch be recognized, by exclusion, as the primordium of the endodermal thymus". | * Thymus - according to Norris (1938), "not until the primordium of the parathyroid [3] has been outlined can the remaining portion of the third pouch be recognized, by exclusion, as the primordium of the endodermal thymus". | ||
* [[Endocrine - Parathyroid Development|Parathyroids]] - parathyrogenic zones are closely related to the third and fourth aortic arches at 9 mm | * [[Endocrine - Parathyroid Development|Parathyroids]] - parathyrogenic zones are closely related to the third and fourth aortic arches at 9 mm unstaged embryo). <ref name=PolitzerHann1935>{{Ref-PolitzerHann1935}}</ref> Parathyroid 3 is identifiable on the anterior wall of the third pharyngeal pouch (Weller 1933, Fig. 17) and "does not arise from a dorsal lobule" of the pouch (Norris 1937). The "sudden appearance of well-differentiated clear chief cells in the early primordia of the parathyroids" at 9 mm was emphasized by Norris (1937). | ||
* [[Endocrine - Thyroid Development|Thyroid]] - has lost its continuity with the pharynx and it consists of two lobes, an isthmus, and a remnant of the pedicle.<ref name=Weller1933>{{Ref-Weller1933}}</ref> | * [[Endocrine - Thyroid Development|Thyroid]] - has lost its continuity with the pharynx and it consists of two lobes, an isthmus, and a remnant of the pedicle.<ref name=Weller1933>{{Ref-Weller1933}}</ref> | ||
* Adrenal Cortex. Another type of cell (C3) arises from the coelomic epithe- lium. Both C1 and C3 cells enter the suprarenal primordium. An "enormous immigration" of C2 cells occurs.<ref name=Crowder1957>{{Ref-Crowder1957}}</ref> | * Adrenal Cortex. Another type of cell (C3) arises from the coelomic epithe- lium. Both C1 and C3 cells enter the suprarenal primordium. An "enormous immigration" of C2 cells occurs.<ref name=Crowder1957>{{Ref-Crowder1957}}</ref> |
Revision as of 14:05, 1 November 2016
Human Embryonic Endocrine |
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Data based on data from O'Rahilly (1983).[1] |
Stage 13 (week 4)
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Stage 14 (week 5)
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Stage 15
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Stage 16 (week 6)
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Stage 17
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Stage 18 (week 7)
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Stage 19
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Stage 20 (week 8)
(1938), of migration of and covering by "cells derived from the cervical sinus".
Weller (1933, Fig. 23) showed parathyroid 3 still rostral to parathyroid 4 at 23 mm, whereas (presumably due to variation in the "descent" of the thymus) Norris (1937, Fig. 4) showed parathyroid 3 rostral to, level with, and caudal to parathyroid 4 in embryos of 16-17 mm. |
Stage 21
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Stage 22
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Stage 23
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References
<reference/> |
- ↑ O'Rahilly R. The timing and sequence of events in the development of the human endocrine system during the embryonic period proper. (1983) Anat. Embryol., 166: 439-451. PMID 6869855
- ↑ O'Rahilly R. Developmental Stages in Human Embryos, Including a Survey of the Carnegie Collection. Part A: Embryos of the First Three Weeks (Stages 1 to 9). (1973) Carnegie Instn. Wash. Publ. 631. Washington, D.C.
- ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 Weller GL. Development of the thyroid, parathyroid and thymus glands in man. (1933) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. 24: 93-139.
- ↑ Norris EH. The morphogenesis and histogenesis of the thymus gland in man: in which the origin of the Hassal's corpuscles of the human thymus is discovered. (1938) Contrib Embryol Carneg Instn 27: 191-207.
- ↑ Politzer G. Zur Abgrenzung des Anlagebegriffes, er6rtert an der Friihentwicklung von Parathyreoidea, Pancreas und Thyreoidea (Delineation of the development of the parathyroids, the pancreas, and the thyroid gland). (1952) Acta Anat 15:68-84.
- ↑ O'Rahilly R. The early development of the hypophysis cerebri in staged human embryos. (1973) Anat Rec 175:511.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Politzer G, Hann F. Uber die Emwicklung der branchiogenen Organe beim Menschen (On the development of the branchiogenic organs in humans). (1935) Z Anat Entw Gesctl 104: 671-708.
- ↑ 8.00 8.01 8.02 8.03 8.04 8.05 8.06 8.07 8.08 8.09 8.10 8.11 Crowder RE. The development of the adrenal gland in man, with special reference to origin and ultimate location of cell types and evidence in favor of the "cell migration" theory. (1957) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. 36, 193-210.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Blechschmidt E. Die prdnatalen Organsysteme des Menschen. (1973) Hippokrates, Stuttgart.
- ↑ Odgers PN. Some observations on the development of the ventral pancreas in man. (1930) J. Anat., 65(1): 1-7. PMID 17104298
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Turketwitsch N. Die Entwicklung der Zirbeldrüse des Menschen (The development of the pineal gland in humans). (1933) Morphol Jb 72: 379-445.
- ↑ Grosser O. The development of the pharynx and of the organs of respiration. In: F. Keibel, F.P. Mall (ed) Manual of human embryology. (1912) Philadelphia, Lippincott, pp 446-497.
- ↑ Jirásek JE. Human fetal endocrines. (1980) Martinus Nijhoff Publishers BV, The Hague. Springer
- ↑ O'Rahilly R. The development of the epiphysis cerebri and the subcommissural complex in staged human embryos. (1968) Anat. Rec., 160: 488-489.