Sensory - Touch Development: Difference between revisions
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[[Sensory - Touch Development|Touch]]: [[Sensory - Touch Development#Touch Receptors| | {| | ||
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| [[Sensory - Touch Development|'''Touch''']]: [[Sensory - Touch Development#Touch Receptors|touch receptors]] | [[Sensory - Touch Development#Touch Pathway|touch pathway]] | {{Pacinian corpuscle}} | {{Meissner's corpuscle}} | {{Merkel cell}} | [[Sensory - Touch Development#Sensory Modalities|sensory modalities]] | {{neural crest}} | {{neural}} | [[2012_Group_Project_2|Student project]] | {{integumentary}} | |||
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{{Integumentary Links}} | {{Integumentary Links}} | ||
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{{Senses Links}} | {{Senses Links}} | ||
== Some Recent Findings == | == Some Recent Findings == |
Revision as of 08:38, 21 June 2018
Embryology - 15 Jun 2024 Expand to Translate |
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Introduction
These notes introduce the development of the sense of touch, part of the somatosensory system. Because of the distribution of the sensory structures within the skin, this topic is generally also covered in integumentary development.
Touch: touch receptors | touch pathway | pacinian corpuscle | Meissner's corpuscle | Merkel cell | sensory modalities | neural crest | neural | Student project | integumentary |
Senses Links: Introduction | placode | Hearing and Balance hearing | balance | vision | smell | taste | touch | Stage 22 | Category:Sensory |
Some Recent Findings
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More recent papers |
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This table allows an automated computer search of the external PubMed database using the listed "Search term" text link.
More? References | Discussion Page | Journal Searches | 2019 References | 2020 References Search term: Touch Development <pubmed limit=5>Touch Development</pubmed> |
Historic People
- Georg Meissner - (1829-1905) German histologist, physiologist and anatomist. Beiträge zur Anatomie und Physiologie der Haut. (Contributions to the anatomy and physiology of the skin.) Leipzig, 1853.
- Friedrich Sigmund Merkel- (1845-1919) German anatomist and histologist, the name "Merckel cell" was based upon his first full description of touch cells (Tastzellen) and named by Robert Bonnet (1851–1921). Referred to these cells as Tastzellen or "touch cells" but this proposed function has been controversial as it has been hard to prove.
- Filippo Pacini - (1812-1883) Italian anatomist, published in 1840, and the name "Pacini's corpuscles" was proposed in 1844 by Henle and also by Kölliker.
- Angelo Ruffini (1864-1929) Italian histologist and embryologist, the name "Ruffini corpuscles" was based upon his first description of skin mechanoreceptors.
Touch Receptors
Touch receptors in mammalian skin and the neural encoding of reception.[1]
Touch Pathway
Pacinian Corpuscle
These receptors are lamellar vibration receptors that produce rapidly adapting responses. They are located in the subcutaneous tissue, deeper in interosseous membranes, and also mesenteries of the gut. The inner core cells form from Schwann cells extending from the nerve terminal.
Meissner's Corpuscle
Located in glabrous skin the mechanoreceptor lies between the dermal papillae for sensitivity to light touch. They are rapidly adaptive elongated receptors formed by a connective tissue capsule that formed by several lamellae of Schwann cells enclosing one or more afferent nerve fibres. The sensory corpuscle is a stack of discoid components of flattened axon terminals sandwiched between Schwann cell lamellae covered with a connective tissue capsule linked to the basal aspect of the epidermis by dermal collagen fibers.[8]
Meissner's corpuscles are located throughout the skin and are seen concentrated in regions of high touch (finger tips, lips, genital regions).
Merkel Cell
Merkel cells occur in many species including reptiles, fish, and mammals. Merkel cell complexes mediate slowly adapting type I (SAI) responses, which are characterized by an irregular firing pattern during sustained pressure. Merkel cells arise in the embryo[4] and in the adult[3] from an epidermal progenitor cell population. These cells express the transcription factor Atoh1 and when differentiated are post-mitotic. Merkel cells can be organised into specialised clustered structure known as a "touch dome" associated with primary hair follicles.
A molecular signalling cascade from Wnt, Eda, and Shh is required for touch dome Merkel cell development.[2] Keratin 8 (K8) and Keratin 18 (K18) are Merkel cell markers identified in late fetal and adult skin.
Isolated Merkel cell (em) |
Merkel cell (Merkel-Ranvier cell) integumentary (skin) receptor cell connected with somatosensory afferents.
Cell characteristics a polylobulated nucleus and numerous typical dense-core granules in a clear cytoplasm. The name "Merckel cell" was based upon Friedrich Sigmund Merkel (1845 – 1919) a German anatomist and histologist, first description of these touch cells (Tastzellen) and named in his honour by Robert Bonnet (1851–1921). Scale bar 5 µm (Stain - Osmium) |
Integumentary touch dome suggested functions[9] |
The Merkel cell is also a part of the touch dome (TD) apparatus, an innervated structure composed of specialised keratinocytes, and may have additional neuroendocrine and immune roles, as they associate with Langerhans cells (dendritic antigen presenting cells) in the epidermis.[9] |
In the adult, abnormalities in Merkel cell development can lead to the rare disease of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) associated with sun (UV) exposure.
Sensory Modalities
Thermoreceptors
- Receptors for heat (warmth) and cold (chill) detection.
- heat - C-fibres
- cold - Aδ fibres
Nociceptors
- Receptors for encoding and processing noxious stimuli.
- A-δ nociceptors
- Polymodal C-nociceptors
- C- mechano-insensitive nociceptors
Abnormalities
- Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) PMID 12007193
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Lumpkin EA, Marshall KL & Nelson AM. (2010). The cell biology of touch. J. Cell Biol. , 191, 237-48. PMID: 20956378 DOI.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Xiao Y, Thoresen DT, Miao L, Williams JS, Wang C, Atit RP, Wong SY & Brownell I. (2016). A Cascade of Wnt, Eda, and Shh Signaling Is Essential for Touch Dome Merkel Cell Development. PLoS Genet. , 12, e1006150. PMID: 27414798 DOI.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Wright MC, Reed-Geaghan EG, Bolock AM, Fujiyama T, Hoshino M & Maricich SM. (2015). Unipotent, Atoh1+ progenitors maintain the Merkel cell population in embryonic and adult mice. J. Cell Biol. , 208, 367-79. PMID: 25624394 DOI.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Perdigoto CN, Bardot ES, Valdes VJ, Santoriello FJ & Ezhkova E. (2014). Embryonic maturation of epidermal Merkel cells is controlled by a redundant transcription factor network. Development , 141, 4690-6. PMID: 25468937 DOI.
- ↑ Ackerley R, Olausson H, Wessberg J & McGlone F. (2012). Wetness perception across body sites. Neurosci. Lett. , 522, 73-7. PMID: 22710006 DOI.
- ↑ Fabrizi L, Slater R, Worley A, Meek J, Boyd S, Olhede S & Fitzgerald M. (2011). A shift in sensory processing that enables the developing human brain to discriminate touch from pain. Curr. Biol. , 21, 1552-8. PMID: 21906948 DOI.
- ↑ Woo SH, Stumpfova M, Jensen UB, Lumpkin EA & Owens DM. (2010). Identification of epidermal progenitors for the Merkel cell lineage. Development , 137, 3965-71. PMID: 21041368 DOI.
- ↑ Takahashi-Iwanaga H & Shimoda H. (2003). The three-dimensional microanatomy of Meissner corpuscles in monkey palmar skin. J. Neurocytol. , 32, 363-71. PMID: 14724379 DOI.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Xiao Y, Williams JS & Brownell I. (2014). Merkel cells and touch domes: more than mechanosensory functions?. Exp. Dermatol. , 23, 692-5. PMID: 24862916 DOI.
Reviews
Lai HC, Seal RP & Johnson JE. (2016). Making sense out of spinal cord somatosensory development. Development , 143, 3434-3448. PMID: 27702783 DOI.
Woo SH, Lumpkin EA & Patapoutian A. (2015). Merkel cells and neurons keep in touch. Trends Cell Biol. , 25, 74-81. PMID: 25480024 DOI.
Zimmerman A, Bai L & Ginty DD. (2014). The gentle touch receptors of mammalian skin. Science , 346, 950-4. PMID: 25414303 DOI.
Jeffry J, Kim S & Chen ZF. (2011). Itch signaling in the nervous system. Physiology (Bethesda) , 26, 286-92. PMID: 21841076 DOI.
Lumpkin EA, Marshall KL & Nelson AM. (2010). The cell biology of touch. J. Cell Biol. , 191, 237-48. PMID: 20956378 DOI.
Articles
Ranade SS, Woo SH, Dubin AE, Moshourab RA, Wetzel C, Petrus M, Mathur J, Bégay V, Coste B, Mainquist J, Wilson AJ, Francisco AG, Reddy K, Qiu Z, Wood JN, Lewin GR & Patapoutian A. (2014). Piezo2 is the major transducer of mechanical forces for touch sensation in mice. Nature , 516, 121-5. PMID: 25471886 DOI.
Books
Neurobiology of Sensation and Reward. Gottfried JA, editor. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press; 2011. Chapter 7 - Touch PMID 22593916
Search PubMed
Search Pubmed: Touch Development | touch receptors |
External Links
External Links Notice - The dynamic nature of the internet may mean that some of these listed links may no longer function. If the link no longer works search the web with the link text or name. Links to any external commercial sites are provided for information purposes only and should never be considered an endorsement. UNSW Embryology is provided as an educational resource with no clinical information or commercial affiliation.
- Merkel cell carcinoma - http://www.merkelcell.org
Terms
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, June 15) Embryology Sensory - Touch Development. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Sensory_-_Touch_Development
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G