Musculoskeletal System - Tendon Development: Difference between revisions
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* Embryonic mechanical and soluble cues regulate tendon progenitor cell gene expression as a function of developmental stage and anatomical origin.<ref><pubmed> | * Embryonic mechanical and soluble cues regulate tendon progenitor cell gene expression as a function of developmental stage and anatomical origin.<ref name=PMID24231248><pubmed>24231248</pubmed></ref> "Stem cell-based engineering strategies for tendons have yet to yield a normal functional tissue, due in part to a need for tenogenic factors. Additionally, the ability to evaluate differentiation has been challenged by a lack of markers for differentiation.... Based on scleraxis expression, TGFβ2 was tenogenic for TPCs at all stages, while loading was for late-stage cells only, and FGF4 had no effect despite regulation of other genes. When factors were combined, TGFβ2 continued to be tenogenic, while FGF4 appeared anti-tenogenic. Various treatments elicited distinct responses by axial vs. limb TPCs of specific stages. These results identified tenogenic factors, suggest tendon engineering strategies should be customized for tissues by anatomical origin, and provide stage-specific gene expression profiles of limb and axial TPCs as benchmarks with which to monitor tenogenic differentiation of stem cells." | ||
* '''Connecting muscles to tendons: tendons and musculoskeletal development in flies and vertebrates'''<ref><pubmed>20699295</pubmed></ref> "The formation of the musculoskeletal system represents an intricate process of tissue assembly involving heterotypic inductive interactions between tendons, muscles and cartilage. An essential component of all musculoskeletal systems is the anchoring of the force-generating muscles to the solid support of the organism: the skeleton in vertebrates and the exoskeleton in invertebrates. Here, we discuss recent findings that illuminate musculoskeletal assembly in the vertebrate embryo, findings that emphasize the reciprocal interactions between the forming tendons, muscle and cartilage tissues. We also compare these events with those of the corresponding system in the Drosophila embryo, highlighting distinct and common pathways that promote efficient locomotion while preserving the form of the organism." | * '''Connecting muscles to tendons: tendons and musculoskeletal development in flies and vertebrates'''<ref name=PMID20699295><pubmed>20699295</pubmed></ref> "The formation of the musculoskeletal system represents an intricate process of tissue assembly involving heterotypic inductive interactions between tendons, muscles and cartilage. An essential component of all musculoskeletal systems is the anchoring of the force-generating muscles to the solid support of the organism: the skeleton in vertebrates and the exoskeleton in invertebrates. Here, we discuss recent findings that illuminate musculoskeletal assembly in the vertebrate embryo, findings that emphasize the reciprocal interactions between the forming tendons, muscle and cartilage tissues. We also compare these events with those of the corresponding system in the Drosophila embryo, highlighting distinct and common pathways that promote efficient locomotion while preserving the form of the organism." | ||
* '''Slowdown promotes muscle integrity by modulating integrin-mediated adhesion at the myotendinous junction''' <ref><pubmed>20110313</pubmed></ref> | * '''Slowdown promotes muscle integrity by modulating integrin-mediated adhesion at the myotendinous junction''' <ref><pubmed>20110313</pubmed></ref> | ||
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Revision as of 14:32, 8 July 2014
Embryology - 17 Jun 2024 Expand to Translate |
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Introduction
This page describes skeletal tendon development, during formation of the connective tissue connection muscle to bone.
The syndetome is the embryonic structural origin of tendons from the somite and originates from the dorsolateral edge of the sclerotome. Expression of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor scleraxis (SCX) in early progenitor cells is thought to be key regulator in the formation of tendon and ligament tissues.[1] Scleraxis may also have additional roles in other tissues such as in early heart valve development.[2]
The origins of some muscles and tendons in the head differ from those found in the remained of the body.
See also notes Connective Tissue Development.
Some Recent Findings
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More recent papers |
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This table allows an automated computer search of the external PubMed database using the listed "Search term" text link.
More? References | Discussion Page | Journal Searches | 2019 References | 2020 References Search term: Tendon development <pubmed limit=5>Tendon+development</pubmed> |
Molecular
Mesoderm Development and Pax[6]
dark green - syndetome originates from the dorsolateral edge of the sclerotome, as Pax1 and Pax9 are downregulated and scleraxis (Scx) upregulation leads to syndegenesis. Pax, paired homeobox; MYOD1, myogenic differentiation antigen 1; MYF5, myogenic factor 5; NKX, NK homeobox; SCX, scleraxis.
Scleraxis
Scleraxis (SCX) is a member of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor family. It is expressed in early mesoderm progenitor cells and may regulate the formation of tendon and ligament tissues.[1]
Scleraxis may also have additional roles in other tissues such as in early heart valve development.[2]
- Cytogenetic location: 8q24.3
- Links: NCBI databases - Scleraxis | OMIM 609067
Tenomodulin
Tenomodulin is a marker of tendon differentiation, its expression has been shown to be regulated by the transcription factors Scleraxis and Mohawk.[7]
- Links: NCBI databases - Tenomodulin
Histology
References
Reviews
Articles
<pubmed>12705871</pubmed>
Search PubMed
Search Pubmed: Tendon Development | myotendinous junction development
Additional Images
Terms
External Links
External Links Notice - The dynamic nature of the internet may mean that some of these listed links may no longer function. If the link no longer works search the web with the link text or name. Links to any external commercial sites are provided for information purposes only and should never be considered an endorsement. UNSW Embryology is provided as an educational resource with no clinical information or commercial affiliation.
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, June 17) Embryology Musculoskeletal System - Tendon Development. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Musculoskeletal_System_-_Tendon_Development
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G