Chicken stages: Difference between revisions
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{{Header}} | {{Header}} | ||
== Introduction == | == Introduction == | ||
[[File: | [[File:HHstage11.jpg|thumb|Hamburger & Hamilton Stage 11 (40-45 hr; 13 somites)]] | ||
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| width=110px valign=top|[[File:Viktor Hamburger.jpg|100px|alt=Viktor Hamburger]] | | width=110px valign=top|[[File:Viktor Hamburger.jpg|100px|alt=Viktor Hamburger]] | ||
Viktor Hamburger (1900 – 2001) | Viktor Hamburger (1900 – 2001) | ||
| valign=top|[[Hamburger Hamilton Stages|Hamburger & Hamilton]] staged the chicken embryo in 1951. | | valign=top|[[Hamburger Hamilton Stages|Hamburger & Hamilton]] staged the chicken embryo in 1951.{{#pmid:1304821|PMID1304821}} The original paper had approx 25 citations between 1955 - 59, while in the year 1991 alone there were over 300 citations. '''Series of Embryonic Chicken Growth.''' J. Morphology, '''88''' 49 - 92 (1951). Atlas recently republished by J.R. Sanes in Developmental Dynamics '''195''' 229-275 (1992). There was also an earlier [[Chicken_Stages_-_Witschi|Witschi staging]] though the [[Hamburger Hamilton Stages]] most commonly currently used. | ||
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{{Chicken}} | {{Chicken links}} | ||
== Hamburger Hamilton Stages == | == Hamburger Hamilton Stages == | ||
Latest revision as of 08:13, 24 April 2018
Embryology - 17 Jun 2024 Expand to Translate |
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Introduction
Viktor Hamburger (1900 – 2001) |
Hamburger & Hamilton staged the chicken embryo in 1951.[1] The original paper had approx 25 citations between 1955 - 59, while in the year 1991 alone there were over 300 citations. Series of Embryonic Chicken Growth. J. Morphology, 88 49 - 92 (1951). Atlas recently republished by J.R. Sanes in Developmental Dynamics 195 229-275 (1992). There was also an earlier Witschi staging though the Hamburger Hamilton Stages most commonly currently used. |
Franz Keibel (1861 - 1929) |
An even older 1900 staging[2] in the Normentafeln zur Entwicklungsgeschichte der Wirbeltiere - Gallus domestics (Normal Plates of the Development of the Chicken Embryo by Franz Keibel and Karl Abraham. This was part of a series of embryo stagings in different species designed by Franz Keibel.
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The table overview below describes feature of the chicken that can be seen at specific times (mean of a range) after fertilization, see Hamburger Hamilton Stages page for complete details and stage images. Some of the stages can be clicked to see sample embryo pictures on another page. There is also a stage comparison with the alternative universal Witschi staging.
Bird | Days |
---|---|
Budgerigar | 18 |
Chicken | 21 |
Duck | 28 |
Finch | 14 |
Goose | 28 |
Guinea fowl | 28 |
Muscovy duck | 35 |
Parrot | 26 |
Pheasant | 24 |
Pigeon | 18 |
Quail | 16 |
Swan | 35 |
Turkey | 28 |
Hamburger Hamilton Stages
3.5 - 4.5 hr | Shell membrane of egg formed in isthmus of oviduct | |||
Germ wall formed from marginal periblast | ||||
4.5 - 24.0 hr | Shell of egg formed in uterus | |||
Preprimitive streak (embryonic shield) | ||||
6 - 7 hr | Initial primitive streak, 0.3-0.5 mm long | Gastrulation | ||
12 - 13 hr | Intermediate primitive streak | |||
18 - 19 hr | Definitive primitive streak, 1.88 mm long | Gastrulation | ||
19 - 22 hr | Head process (notochord) | |||
23 - 25 hr | Head fold | |||
23 - 26 hr | 1 somite; neural folds | Somitogenesis | ||
ca. 23 - 26 hr | 1-3 somites; coelom | |||
26 - 29 hr | 4 somites; blood islands | |||
29-33 hr | 7 somites; primary optic vesicles | |||
ca. 33 hr | 8-9 somites; anterior amniotic fold | |||
33-38 hr | 10 somites; 3 primary brain vesicles | |||
40 - 45 hr | 13 somites; 5 neuromeres of hindbrain | |||
45 - 49 hr | 16 somites; telencephalon | Heart | ||
48-52 hr | 19 somites; atrioventricular canal | |||
ca. 50 - 52 hr | 20-21 somites; tail bud | |||
50 - 53 hr | 22 somites; trunk flexure; visceral arches I and II, clefts 1 and 2 | |||
ca. 50 - 54 hr | 23 somites; premandibular head cavities | |||
50 - 55 hr | 24 - 27 somites; visceral arch III, cleft 3 | |||
51 - 56 hr | 26 - 28 somites; wing bud; posterior amniotic fold; trigeminal ganglion (CN V) close lateral head ectoderm. | Heart | ||
52 - 64 hr | 29-32 somites; leg bud; epiphysis | |||
3 da | 30 - 36 somites extending beyond level of leg bud; allantois | |||
3.0 - 3.5 da | 37 - 40 somites extending into tail; maxillary process | |||
3.0 - 3.5 da | 40 - 43 somites; rotation completed; eye pigment | |||
3.5 da | 43-44 somites; visceral arch IV, cleft 4 | Heart | ||
3.5 - 4.0 da | Somites extend to tip of tail | |||
4 da | Dorsal contour from hindbrain to tail is a curved line | |||
4.5 da | Toe plate, eye primordium reaches optic cup stage. | |||
4.5 - 5.0 da | Elbow and knee joints | Heart | ||
5 da | 1st 3 toes | |||
5.0 - 5.5 da | Beak | |||
5.5 - 6.0 da | 3 digits, 4 toes | |||
6.0 - 6.5 da | Rudiment of 5th toe | |||
6.5 - 7.0 da | Feather germs; scleral papillae; egg tooth | |||
7.0 - 7.5 da | Web between 1st and 2nd digits | |||
7.5 da | Anterior tip of mandible has reached beak | |||
7.5 - 8.0 da | Web on radial margin of wing and 1st digit | |||
8 da | Nictitating membrane | |||
8.5 - 9.0 da | Phalanges in toes | |||
10 da | Length of 3rd toe from tip to middle of metatarsal joint = 5.4±0.3mm; length of beak from anterior angle of nostril to tip of bill = 2.5mm; primordium of comb; labial groove; uropygial gland | |||
11 da | Length of 3rd toe = 7.4±0.3mm; length of beak = 3.0 mm | |||
12 da | Length of 3rd toe = 8.4±0.3 mm; length of beak = 3.1 mm | |||
13 da | Length of 3rd toe = 9.8±0.3 mm; length of beak = 3.5 mm | |||
14 da | Length of beak = 4.0 mm; length of 3rd toe = 12.7±0.5 mm | |||
15 da | Length of beak from anterior angle of nostril to tip of upper bill = 4.5 mm; length of 3rd toe = 14.9±0.8 mm | |||
16 da | Length of beak = 4.8 mm; length of 3rd toe = 16.7±0.8 mm | |||
17 da | Length of beak = 5.0 mm; length of 3rd toe = 18.6±0.8 mm | |||
18 da | Length of beak = 5.7 mm; length of 3rd toe = 20.4±0.8 mm | |||
19 - 20 da | Yolk sac half enclosed in body cavity; chorio-allantoic membrane contains less blood and is "sticky" in living embryo | |||
20 - 21 da | Newly-hatched chick |
Standard Stage Comparison
Hamburger Hamilton Stages | |||
3,4 | Early cleavage | 3.5-4.5 hr2 | Shell membrane of egg formed in isthmus of oviduct |
5,6 | During cleavage | Germ wall formed from marginal periblast | |
7 | Late cleavage | 4.5-24.0 hr2 | Shell of egg formed in uterus |
8,9 | 1 | Preprimitive streak (embryonic shield) | |
10 | 2 | 6-7 hr | Initial primitive streak, 0.3-0.5 mm long |
11 | 3 | 12-13 hr | Intermediate primitive streak |
12 | 4 | 18-19 hr | Definitive primitive streak, ±1.88 mm long |
13a | 5 | 19-22 hr | Head process (notochord) |
13b | 6 | 23-25 hr | Head fold |
14a | 7 | 23-26 hr | 1 somite; neural folds |
14b | 7 to 8- | ca. 23-26 hr | 1-3 somites; coelom |
14c | 8 | 26-29 hr | 4 somites; blood islands |
15a | 9 | 29-33 hr | 7 somites; primary optic vesicles |
15b | 9+ to 10- | ca. 33 hr | 8-9 somites; anterior amniotic fold |
15c | 10 | 33-38 hr | 10 somites; 3 primary brain vesicles |
16a | 11 | 40-45 hr | 13 somites; 5 neuromeres of hindbrain |
16b | 12 | 45-49 hr | 16 somites; telencephalon |
16c | 13 | 48-52 hr | 19 somites; atrioventricular canal |
17a | 13+ to 14- | ca. 50-52 hr | 20-21 somites; tail bud |
17b | 14 | 50-53 hr | 22 somites; trunk flexure; visceral arches I and II, clefts 1 and 2 |
17c | 14+ to 15- | ca. 50-54 hr | 23 somites; premandibular head cavities |
17d | 15 | 50-55 hr | 24-27 somites; visceral arch III, cleft 3 |
18 | 16 | 51-56 hr | 26-28 somites; wing bud; posterior amniotic fold |
19 | 17 | 52-64 hr | 29-32 somites; leg bud; epiphysis |
20 | 18 | 3 da | 30-36 somites extending beyond level of leg bud; allantois |
21 | 19 | 3.0-3.5 da | 37- 40 somites extending into tail; maxillary process |
22 | 20 | 3.0-3.5 da | 40-43 somites; rotation completed; eye pigment |
23 | 21 | 3.5 da | 43-44 somites; visceral arch IV, cleft 4 |
24 | 22 | 3.5-4.0 da | Somites extend to tip of tail |
25 | 23 | 4 da | Dorsal contour from hindbrain to tail is a curved line |
26 | 24 | 4.5 da | Toe plate |
27 | 25 | 4.5-5.0 da | Elbow and knee joints |
28 | 26 | 5 da | 1st 3 toes |
29 | 27 | 5.0-5.5 da | Beak |
30 | 28 | 5.5-6.0 da | 3 digits, 4 toes |
31 | 29 | 6.0-6.5 da | Rudiment of 5th toe |
32 | 30 | 6.5-7.0 da | Feather germs; scleral papillae; egg tooth |
33a | 31 | 7.0-7.5 da | Web between 1st and 2nd digits |
33b | 32 | 7.5 da | Anterior tip of mandible has reached beak |
34a | 33 | 7.5-8.0 da | Web on radial margin of wing and 1st digit |
34b | 34 | 8 da | Nictitating membrane |
34c | 35 | 8.5-9.0 da | Phalanges in toes |
34d | 36 | 10 da | Length of 3rd toe from tip to middle of metatarsal joint = 5.4±0.3mm; length of beak from anterior angle of nostril to tip of bill = 2.5mm; primordium of comb; labial groove; uropygial gland |
34e | 37 | 11 da | Length of 3rd toe = 7.4±0.3mm; length of beak = 3.0 mm |
34f | 38 | 12 da | Length of 3rd toe = 8.4±0.3 mm; length of beak = 3.1 mm |
35a | 39 | 13 da | Length of 3rd toe = 9.8±0.3 mm; length of beak = 3.5 mm |
35b | 40 | 14 da | Length of beak = 4.0 mm; length of 3rd toe = 12.7±0.5 mm |
35c | 41 | 15 da | Length of beak from anterior angle of nostril to tip of upper bill = 4.5 mm; length of 3rd toe = 14.9±0.8 mm |
35d | 42 | 16 da | Length of beak = 4.8 mm; length of 3rd toe = 16.7±0.8 mm |
35e | 43 | 17 da | Length of beak = 5.0 mm; length of 3rd toe = 18.6±0.8 mm |
35f | 44 | 18 da | Length of beak = 5.7 mm; length of 3rd toe = 20.4±0.8 mm |
36a | 45 | 19-20 da | Yolk sac half enclosed in body cavity; chorio-allantoic membrane contains less blood and is "sticky" in living embryo |
36b | 46 | 20-21 da | Newly-hatched chick |
Modified from: GROWTH Altman, P.L. and Dittmer, D.S. (ed) Biological Handbooks, FASEB (1962)
Images
References
- ↑ Hamburger V & Hamilton HL. (1992). A series of normal stages in the development of the chick embryo. 1951. Dev. Dyn. , 195, 231-72. PMID: 1304821 DOI.
- ↑ Keibel F. and Abraham K. Normal Plates of the Development of the Chicken Embryo (Gallus domesticus). (1900) Vol. 2 in series by Keibel F. Normal plates of the development of vertebrates (Normentafeln zur Entwicklungsgeschichte der Wirbelthiere) Fisher, Jena., Germany.
- ↑ Williams LW. The somites of the chick. (1910) Amer. J Anat. 11(1): 56 -100.
Other Chicken Atlases
- Vertebrate and Invertebrate Embryos (7th Edition) G.C. Schoenwolf, Prentice Hall, New Jersey
- An Atlas of Embryology (1975) W.H. Freeman and B. Bracegirdle, Heinemann Educational Books, UK.
- This is an ATLAS (no description of development) , asically reprinted from the original 1963 edition.
- Photos with labelled diagrams covering Amphioxus (worm) Frog, Chicken.
- Butler H. and Juurlink BHJ. An atlas for staging mammalian and chick embryos. (1987) CRC. Boca Raton, Florida.
- This ATLAS is not a complete series of development but has interesting comparisons of species. Mostly photos of embryos with a few drawn diagrams and a series of staging correlation graphs.
Glossary Links
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, June 17) Embryology Chicken stages. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Chicken_stages
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G