Endocrine System Development: Difference between revisions
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* '''Human Embryology '''(3rd ed.) Larson Chapter 9 Gastrointestinal, Chapter 10 Gonad, Kidney Chapter 12 Head | * '''Human Embryology '''(3rd ed.) Larson Chapter 9 Gastrointestinal, Chapter 10 Gonad, Kidney Chapter 12 Head | ||
* '''The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology '''(6th ed.) Moore and Persaud Chapters 10: p230-233; Ch12: p280-282; Ch13: p319-347 | * '''The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology '''(6th ed.) Moore and Persaud Chapters 10: p230-233; Ch12: p280-282; Ch13: p319-347 | ||
* '''Lectures''' - [http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Science/ANAT2341lecture21.htm 2008] | [http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Medicine/BGDlectureEndocrine.htm Medicine Lecture - Endocrine Development] | |||
* {{Template:Endocrine Links}} | [http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Notes/endocrine.htm original Endocrine page] | |||
==Objectives== | ==Objectives== |
Revision as of 22:31, 5 October 2010
Introduction
![](/embryology/images/thumb/d/df/Week10_adrenal.jpg/300px-Week10_adrenal.jpg)
The endocrine system resides within specific endocrine organs and both organs and tissues with other specific functions. Epithelia (ectoderm and endoderm) form the majority of the “ductless” endocrine glands like gastrointestinal and skin associated “ducted” glands. Differentiation of several also organs involves a epithelial/mesenchye interaction, seen in repeated in many differentiation of many different tissues. The endocrine glands produce hormones, which are distributed by the vascular system to the many body tissues, subsequently these organs are richly vascularized.
Hormones are recognised by either cell surface receptors (modified amino acids, peptides, proteins) or cytoplasmic/nuclear receptors (steroids). Hormones “orchestrate” responses in other tissues, including other endocrine organs, and these overall effects can be similar or different in different tissues. In addition, these hormone effects (like music) can be rapid, slow, brief, diurnal, or long-term. Hormone effects can be mimicked, stimulated, and blocked by therapeutic drugs, nutritional and environmental chemicals.
The human fetus is dependent upon endocrine development for hormones, which support normal development. Peripheral endocrine glands (thyroid, pancreas, adrenals, gonads) form early in the second month from epithelial/mesenchye interactions and differentiate into the third month. The fetus also has a unique hormonal system that combines not only its own developing endocrine system, but also that of the placenta and maternal hormones.
Abnormal endocrine development/function can impact on many different systems. For example, insufficient maternal dietary iodine impacts on fetal thyroid gland thyroid hormone production, which in turn can lead to abnormal neural development. Alternatively, we now know many environmental and therapeutic chemicals have a wide range of effects on the endocrine system.
Sex hormones from the gonads have significant effects prenatally and postnatally, specifically at puberty with a role to play in male/female biological maturity and have wide actions throughout the body.
This current page provides a general introduction to the endocrine system, use the links below to explore development of specific endocrine organs.
System Links: Introduction | Cardiovascular | Coelomic Cavity | Endocrine | Gastrointestinal Tract | Genital | Head | Immune | Integumentary | Musculoskeletal | Neural | Neural Crest | Placenta | Renal | Respiratory | Sensory | Birth |
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Some Recent Findings
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Textbooks
In general, not dealt with as a system in many textbooks, so various chapters: nervous system, head, gastrointestinal tract, reproductive organs, etc.
- Human Embryology (3rd ed.) Larson Chapter 9 Gastrointestinal, Chapter 10 Gonad, Kidney Chapter 12 Head
- The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology (6th ed.) Moore and Persaud Chapters 10: p230-233; Ch12: p280-282; Ch13: p319-347
- Lectures - 2008 | Medicine Lecture - Endocrine Development
Endocrine Links: Introduction | BGD Lecture | Science Lecture | Lecture Movie | pineal | hypothalamus | pituitary | thyroid | parathyroid | thymus | pancreas | adrenal | endocrine gonad | endocrine placenta | other tissues | Stage 22 | endocrine abnormalities | Hormones | Category:Endocrine | ||
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Objectives
- Understand the main steps in the development of the thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pituitary, pineal glands, thymus and gonads.
- Have a general understanding of the chief functions of these endocrine organs.
- Understand the endocrine contribution to embryo development.
- Understand the endocrine role of the placenta during development.
- Have a general understanding of different types of hormones and their signaling actions.
Hormones
![](/embryology/images/thumb/8/83/Steroid_hormone_receptor_signaling.jpg/300px-Steroid_hormone_receptor_signaling.jpg)
Hormone Types
- Amino acid derivatives - noradrenaline (norepinepherine), adrenalin (epinepherine) , thyroid hormone
- Proteins, peptides - thyroid stimulating hormone, leutenising hormone, follicle stimulating hormone
- Steroids - androgens, glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids
Hormone Actions
- Autocrine - acts on self (extracellular fluid)
- Paracrine - acts locally (extracellular fluid)
- Endocrine - acts by secretion into blood stream (endocrine organs are richly vascularized)
Hormone Receptors
Hormones are recognised by either cell surface receptors (modified amino acids, peptides, proteins) or cytoplasmic/nuclear receptors (steroids).
MH - Interested in hormone history? Listen ABC Radio Ockham's Razor 2005-07-31 6.2 Mb mp3 Centenary of the word 'hormone', Sydney medical scientist and writer Dr John Carmody commemorates the centenary of the entry of the word 'hormone' into the English language.
Endocrine Origins
- Derived from epithelia - covering embryo, lining gastrointestinal tract, lining coelomic cavity
- Also mesenchymal contribution
Development Overview
See specific endocrine organ development.
References
- ↑ <pubmed>20377917</pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>19837867</pubmed> | Endocr Rev.
- ↑ <pubmed>17464358</pubmed>| PMC1853070 | Nucl Recept Signal.
Reviews
Articles
Search PubMed
Search April 2010
- Endocrine Development - All (14277) Review (4620) Free Full Text (3140)
Search Pubmed: Endocrine Development
Additional Images
Embryonic Histology
Adult Histology
Terms
Glossary Links
- Glossary: A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Numbers | Symbols | Term Link
Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, June 27) Embryology Endocrine System Development. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Endocrine_System_Development
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G