Book - Manual of Human Embryology II

Written by

Charles R, Bardeen, Madison, Wis.; Herbert M. Evans, Baltimore, Md.; Walter Felix, Zurich; Otto Grosser, Prague; Franz Keibel, Freiburg i. Br.; Frederic T. Lewis, Boston, Mass.; Warren H. Lewis, Baltimore, Md.; J. Playfair McMurrich, Toronto; Franklin P. Mall, Baltimore, Md. ; Charles S. Minot, Boston, Mass. ; Felix Pinkus, Berlin ; Florence R. Sabin, Baltimore, Md ; George L. Streeter, Ann Arbor, Mich.; Julius Tandler, Vienna; Emil Zuckerkandl, Vienna.

FRANZ KEIBEL and FRANKLIN P. MALL

IN TWO VOLUMES VOLUME II

With 658 Illustrations

PHILADELPHIA & LONDON

J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY

1912

Printed by J. B. Lippincott Company The Washington Square Press, Philadelphia, U. S. A.

Preface

The second volume of this Manual makes its appearance almost half a year later than the editors had hoped. Explanations of the delay are hardly necessary; they are self-evident in the case of a book in which a large number of authors participate. The delay would, however, have been greater had not Professor Tandler and Dr. Evans undertaken the sections on the development of the heart and of the blood-vessels, which had originally been placed in other hands. To these two collaborators the editors are under special obligations. The account of the development of the sense-organs, for which also other plans were made, had to be undertaken by one of the editors, Keibel, an arrangement which precluded the treatment of the subject entirely on the basis of personal observation. A number of the contributions to the volume have been completed for a considerable time (some for more than a year), and consequently it has been impossible to include in them all the references to the most recent literature (since the beginning of 1910).

The editors regret that this second volume has considerably exceeded the limits originally set for it. If it had been written by a single hand, a greater condensation would certainly have resulted in many chapters, but under the circumstances this has not been possible, notwithstanding the earnest endeavors of the editors.

On the whole, however, the editors feel that they have reason both to congratulate themselves on the completion of the work, which, in spite of many minor defects, is undoubtedly an important one, and to hope that it will give further impetus to the study of human embryology.

In conclusion the editors wish to express their heartiest thanks to all those who have assisted in the completion of the work, to the collaborators, to Professor J. P. McMurrich for the excellent translation of the chapters by Zuckerkandl, Keibel, Tandler, and Felix, and, above all, to the publishers S. Hirzel and the J. B. Lippincott Company. They have done everything in their power to make the work a success, and, especially, have made possible the illustration of the text by so many and such excellent figures.

Franz Keibel, Franklin P. Mall.

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Contents

CHAPTER XIV. By G. L. Streeter.

The Development of the Nervous System

• 1 . The Histogenesis of Nervous Tissue
• 2. The Development of the Central Nervous System
  • The Development of Central Nervous System during the First Month
  • The Central Nervous System at the End of the First Month
  • The Spinal Cord from the End of the First Month to the Completion of its Development
  • The Development of the Hindbrain from the End of the First Month
  • The Development of the Midbrain
  • The Development of the Diencephalon
  • The Development of the Telencephalon
• 3. The Peripheral Nervous System
  • The Spinal Nerves
  • The Cervical Plexus
  • The Nerves of the Arm and Leg
  • The Cerebral Nerves
  • The Nerves of the Special Sense Organs
  • The Somatic Motor Group
  • The Visceral Group
• 4. The Sympathetic Nervous System

CHAPTER XV. By E. Zuckerkandl.

The Development of the Chromaffin Organs and of the Suprarenal Bodies

• The Suprarenal Glands
• The Development of the Accessory Suprarenal Glands

CHAPTER XVI. By F. Keibel.

The Development of the Sense-Organs

• General Considerations
• The Touch Cells
• The Epibranchial Sense Organs
• The Gustatory Organ
• The Olfactory Organ
• The Development of the Eye
• The Development of the Ear

CHAPTER XVII. By O. Grosser, F. T. Lewis, and J. P. McMurrich.

The Development of the Digestive Tract and of the Organs of Respiration

• Introduction
• Early Development of the Entodermal Tract and the Formation of its Subdivisions
• The Mouth and Its Organs
• The Development Of The Oesophagus
• The Development of the Stomach
• The Development of the Small Intestine
• The Development of the Large Intestine
• The Development of the Liver
• Development of the Pancreas
• The Pharynx and its Derivatives
• The Development of the Respiratory Apparatus

CHAPTER XVIII. By C. S. Minot, H. M. Evans, J. Tandler, and F. R. Sabin.

The Development of the Blood, the Vascular System, and the Spleen

• Introduction
• The Origin of the Angioblast and the Development of the Blood
• The Development of the Heart
• The Development of the Vascular System
  • 1. General
  • 2. The Special Development of the Blood-vessels
  • A. Origin of the Blood-vascular System
  • B. Description of the Blood-vascular System in a Series of Human Embryos from the Youngest Stages up to a Length of 7 mm
  • C. The Arteries
  • D. The Development of the Veins
• The Development of the Lymphatic System
• The Development of the Spleen

CHAPTER XIX. By W Felix.

The Development of the Urinogenital Organs

• I. The Development of the Excretory Glands and their Ducts
  • Introduction
  • Differentiation of the Mesoderm
  • The Development of the Pronephros
  • The Urogenital Fold
  • The Mesonephros
  • The Development of the Metanephros
  • The Development of the Ureter, the Primitive Renal Pelvis, and the System of Collecting Tubules
  • The Metanephrogenic Tissue during the Development of the Collecting Tubules
  • The Development of the Uriniferous Tubules from the Metanephrogenic Tissue
  • The Definitive Renal Pelvis and the Reduction of the Collecting Tubules
  • The Formation of Cortex and Medulla — Medullary- Rays — Papilla
  • Relation between the Right and Left Kidney
  • Change of Position of the Kidney
  • Vessels of the Kidney
  • Capsule of the Kidney
  • Later Development of the Ureter
  • Malformations of the Kidney
  • The Phylogenetic Development of the Metanephros
  • The Function of the Mesonephros
  • Cloaca, Bladder, Urethra, and Urogenital Sinus
  • The Separation of the Bladder and the Urethra
  • Later Development of the Bladder
• II. The Development of the Reproductive Glands and their Duct
  • Introduction 881
  • The Genital Cells 882
  • Development of the Indifferent Reproductive Glands 885
  • The Differentiation of the Reproductive Glands 890
  • Transformation of the Indifferent Reproductive Gland into the Testis
  • Malformations of the Testis
  • Transformation of the Reproductive Gland into the Ovary
  • Malformations of the Ovary
  • Development of the Blood-vessels of Both Reproductive Glands
  • Comparison of Testis and Ovary
  • Development of the Female Ducts
  • Formation of the Utero- vaginal Canal
  • Formation of the Wall of the Utero-vaginal Canal
  • Development of the External Form of the Female Uterus
  • Development of the External Form of the Male Uterus
  • Formation of the Definite Wall of the Tubes
  • Transformation of the Tubar Portion of the Uterus and of the Utero-vaginal Canal into the Uterus and Vagina
  • Development of the Vagina
  • Development of the Uterine Wall
  • Development of the Musculature of the Vagina and Uterus
  • Growth of the Uterus in the Postfetal Period
  • Degeneration of the Tube and Utero-vaginal Canal in the Male Embryo
  • Inhibitions of the Development of the Uterus and Vagina
• III. The Urogenital Union
  • The Further Differentiation in the Male Sex
  • Degeneration of the Urogenital Union and of the Primary Excretory Duct in the Female
  • The Ligaments of the Reproductive Glands
  • Development of the Ligamentum Ovarii Proprium, the Ligamentum Uteri Rotundum, and the Chorda Gubernaculi
• IV. Development of the External Genitalia
  • The Indifferent Phallus
  • Sexual Differentiation Development of the Penis and Scrotum
  • Development of the Clitoris and of the Labia Majora and Minora
  • Homologies of the Male and Female External Genitalia
  • Further Development of the Urogenital Sinus
  • Malformations of the Urogenital Sinus
  • Glands of the Urogenital Sinus
  • Development of the Bulbo-Urethral (Cowper's) and the Vestibular (Bartholin's) Glands
  • Development of the Small Sinus Glands
  • Descensus Testiculorum
  • Formation of the Saecus Vaginalis
  • Diagrammatic Representation of the Fate of the Mesonephros, Primary Excretory Duct, and Miillerian Duct in both Sexes

CHAPTER XX.By F. Keibel. The Interdependence of the Various Developmental Processes

Subject Index

Index of Authors

Introduction

By FRANZ KEIBEL, Freiburg i. Br.

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Historic Disclaimer - information about historic embryology pages

Pages where the terms "Historic" (textbooks, papers, people, recommendations) appear on this site, and sections within pages where this disclaimer appears, indicate that the content and scientific understanding are specific to the time of publication. This means that while some scientific descriptions are still accurate, the terminology and interpretation of the developmental mechanisms reflect the understanding at the time of original publication and those of the preceding periods, these terms, interpretations and recommendations may not reflect our current scientific understanding.     (More? Embryology History | Historic Embryology Papers)

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