Genetics - Chromosome 13

From Embryology

Introduction

13

Trisomy 13 (Patau syndrome) is a rare (1 in 10,000 newborns) developmental genetic abnormality (aneuploidy) with three copies of chromosome 13, instead of the usual two copies, there can also be a chromosomal translocation. Infant may have a single placental artery at birth.


Links: Trisomy 13


Genetic Links: genetic abnormalities | maternal age | Trisomy 21 | Trisomy 18 | Trisomy 13 | Trisomy X | trisomy mosaicism | Monosomy | Fragile X | Williams | Alagille | Philadelphia chromosome | mitochondria | VACTERL | hydatidiform mole | epigenetics | Prenatal Diagnosis | Neonatal Diagnosis | meiosis | mitosis | International Classification of Diseases | genetics
Nucleus structure cartoon 01.jpg Chromatin Structure.png
Chromosome territories (interphase) Chromosome (Chromatin) structure (mitosis)


Human Chromosomes: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | X | Y  

Some Recent Findings

  • Fry Is Required for mammary gland Development During Pregnant Periods and Affects the Morphology and Growth of Breast Cancer Cells[1] "The Fry gene, located on chromosome 13, is an evolutionarily conserved large protein from yeast to human. Our previous study genetically linked the Fry gene with differential susceptibility to mammary carcinogenesis, but whether Fry affects mammary gland development and function, as well as the growth of breast cancer cells, is largely unknown. To define the consequences of Fry loss in the mammary glands, we have generated mice conditionally deficient of the Fry gene in the mammary glands using the Cre-loxP recombination system. We examined multiple phenotypes with male and female homozygous Fry conditional knockout mice (Mfry) and control mice (WT), including body weight, preliminary observations (health and neurological flexes), open field locomotion, sensory abilities, auditory threshold, and glucose metabolism. The loss of Fry in the mammary glands didn't cause a significant difference in these genotypes between Mfry and WT mice. However, our data showed that Fry was required during pregnancy, while it was functionally dispensable in virgin mammary gland development. Loss of Fry led to more lateral buds, and the lobuloalveoli were smaller and showed undistended morphology in mammary glands during late pregnancy. in vitro experiment, ectopic expression of FRY could alter the morphology and significantly suppress the growth and proliferation of the breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231 (ER-/PR-/HER2-, Basal-like) and BT474 (ER+/PR+/HER2+, Luminal B). The following genome-wide transcriptomic analysis of these cells suggested that FRY interacted with protein kinases relevant signaling pathways and induced massive changes in gene expression, including the activation of the Hippo/Yap pathway. Together, our data suggest that the FRY is required for mammary glands developments during pregnant periods, and affects breast cancer cell growth and proliferation."
  • Two Cases with Ring Chromosome 13 at either End of the Phenotypic Spectrum[2] "Ring chromosome 13 is a rare genetic condition with an incidence of 1/58,000 in live births. Major clinical features of patients with ring chromosome 13 include growth and developmental retardation, microcephaly, facial dysmorphism, ambiguous genitalia, anal atresia, eye malformations, retinoblastoma, and hand, foot, and toe abnormalities. The severity of the phenotype depends on the amount of genetic material lost during ring chromosome formation. Here, we report 2 cases with ring chromosome 13 at either end of the phenotypic spectrum."
More recent papers  
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Search term: Chromosome 13 development | Chromosome 13

Development Genes

FGF

Table - Human Fgf Family
Approved
Symbol
Approved Name Previous
Symbols
Synonyms Chromosome
FGF9 fibroblast growth factor 9 13q12.11
    Links: Developmental Signals - Fibroblast Growth Factor | OMIM Fgf1 | HGNC

SOX

Table - Human Sox Family
Approved
Symbol
Approved Name Previous Symbols Synonyms Chromosome
SOX1 SRY-box 1 13q34
SOX21 SRY-box 21 SOX25 13q32.1
    Links: Developmental Signals - Sox | OMIM | HGNC |

Abnormalities

In 1994, two breast cancer susceptibility genes were identified BRCA1 on chromosome 17 and BRCA2 on chromosome 13.


External Links

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Human Chromosomes: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | X | Y  
Idiogram Chromosome Banding - The term refers to the light and dark pattern, seen after staining with a dye, of individual chromosomes identified in metaphase. It is only in meiosis and mitosis during metaphase that chromosomes can be easily identified, during the normal cell life (interphase) the chromosomes are unravelled and distributed within the nucleus in chromosome territories. A band is that part of a chromosome which is clearly distinguishable from nearby regions by appearing darker or brighter with one or more banding techniques.
Human Idiogram: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | X | Y
Genetic abnormality locations: 1-4 | 5-8 | 9-12 | 13-16 | 17-20 | 21-XY | sSMC
Inheritance Pattern images: Genetic Abnormalities | autosomal dominant | autosomal recessive | X-linked dominant (affected father) | X-Linked dominant (affected mother) | X-Linked recessive (affected father) | X-Linked recessive (carrier mother) | mitochondrial inheritance | Codominant inheritance | Genogram symbols | Genetics
Links: Genetics | Abnormal Development - Genetic

Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, March 19) Embryology Genetics - Chromosome 13. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Genetics_-_Chromosome_13

What Links Here?
© Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G



Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, March 19) Embryology Genetics - Chromosome 13. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Genetics_-_Chromosome_13

What Links Here?
© Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G
  1. Liu Y, Chen X, Gong Z, Zhang H, Fei F, Tang X, Wang J, Xu P, Zarbl H & Ren X. (2019). Fry Is Required for Mammary Gland Development During Pregnant Periods and Affects the Morphology and Growth of Breast Cancer Cells. Front Oncol , 9, 1279. PMID: 31824855 DOI.
  2. Çakmaklı S, Çankaya T, Gürsoy S, Koç A, Kırbıyık Ö, Kılıçarslan ÖA, Özer E, Erçal D & Bozkaya ÖG. (2017). Two Cases with Ring Chromosome 13 at either End of the Phenotypic Spectrum. Cytogenet. Genome Res. , 153, 175-180. PMID: 29518772 DOI.