Book - Contributions to Embryology Carnegie Institution No.20 part 2

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Streeter GL. The histogenesis and growth of the otic capsule and its contained periotic tissue-spaces in the human embryo. (1918) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. 8: 5-54.

Online Editor  
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If like me you are interested in human development, then this historic embryology monograph by Dr. George L. Streeter has a wonderful detail and interpretation of the otic capsule formation as available (at that given point in time) using a significant resource of human material from the Carnegie Institute. Further historic material is available on the page Contributions to Embryology series. The magnifications stated in the figure and plate legends refer to the original published images, not those available online. My thanks to the Internet Archive for making the original scanned book available. Those interested in current hearing and skull development should read the online notes on Hearing and Balance Development and Skull Development



  Streeter Links: George Streeter | 1905 Cranial and Spinal Nerves | 1906 Membranous Labyrinth | 1908 Peripheral Nervous System 10mm Human | 1908 Cranial Nerves 10mm Human | 1912 Nervous System | 1917 Scala Tympani Scala Vestibuli and Perioticular Cistern | 1917 Ear Cartilaginous Capsule | 1918 Otic Capsule | 1919 Filum Terminale | 1920 Presomite Embryo | 1920 Human Embryo Growth | 1921 Brain Vascular | 1938 Early Primate Stages | 1941 Macaque embryo | 1945 Stage 13-14 | 1948 Stages 15-18 | 1949 Cartilage and Bone | 1951 Stages 19-23 | Contributions to Embryology | Historic Embryology Papers | Carnegie Stages | Category:George Streeter George Linius Streeter (1873-1948)


Modern Notes:

Hearing Links: Introduction | inner ear | middle ear | outer ear | balance | placode | hearing neural | Science Lecture | Lecture Movie | Medicine Lecture | Stage 22 | hearing abnormalities | hearing test | sensory | Student project

  Categories: Hearing | Outer Ear | Middle Ear | Inner Ear | Balance

Historic Embryology - Hearing 
Historic Embryology: 1880 Platypus cochlea | 1892 Vertebrate Ear | 1902 Development of Hearing | 1906 Membranous Labyrinth | 1910 Auditory Nerve | 1913 Tectorial Membrane | 1918 Human Embryo Otic Capsule | 1918 Cochlea | 1918 Grays Anatomy | 1922 Human Auricle | 1922 Otic Primordia | 1931 Internal Ear Scalae | 1932 Otic Capsule 1 | 1933 Otic Capsule 2 | 1936 Otic Capsule 3 | 1933 Endolymphatic Sac | 1934 Otic Vesicle | 1934 Membranous Labyrinth | 1934 External Ear | 1938 Stapes - 7 to 21 weeks | 1938 Stapes - Term to Adult | 1940 Stapes | 1942 Stapes - Embryo 6.7 to 50 mm | 1943 Stapes - Fetus 75 to 150 mm | 1946 Aquaductus cochleae and periotic (perilymphatic) duct | 1946 aquaeductus cochleae | 1948 Fissula ante fenestram | 1948 Stapes - Fetus 160 mm to term | 1959 Auditory Ossicles | 1963 Human Otocyst | Historic Disclaimer

Material and Methods

The observations recorded in this paper are made on human embryos and cover the period included between 4 mm. and 130 mm., crown-rump length, which is approximately equivalent to the period between the fourth and the sixteenth week of fetal life. The embryos were taken from the collection made by Professor Mall and that now belongs to the Department of Embryology of the Carnegie Institution of Washington. With two exceptions they had already been prepared in serial sections. In most of the stages the whole embryo is included in the sections, in some of the older ones the head alone is included, and in the two specimens that were especially prepared for this investigation the sections include only the region of the temporal bone. In the following table are listed the embryos that were found particularly suitable for the purpose at hand. They are arranged in the apparent order of development. The measurements given are those under which they are listed in the catalogue of the collection, and they all signify crown-rump measurement. Where sections were photographed this is indicated and the slide number, followed by the row and number of section, is given.

Table of Specimen

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In studying the development of the cartilaginous capsule and the histogenesis of the periotic reticulum it was found necessary to i)repare enlarged pliotographs of the special regions studied. liy liaving tliesc all made on the same scale of enlargement it was possible to follow from stage to stage the change in volume and in form of the constituent tissue masses. Home of the photographs are reproduced on Plates I and II. In drawing conclusions from such photographs account was taken of the fact that the technique of preparing the .serial sections introduces an element of uncertainty in that some embryos in the process of embedding shrink more than others. This is particularly so in human embryos, where there is necessarily some difference in the freshness of the material at the time it is obtained. Furthermore, even in the same embryo some tissues are affected by the technique more than others. Due allowance was made for these factors.

In order to determine the form and relations of the periotic-tissue spaces, wax-plate models of the membranous labyrinth and the surrounding spaces were reconstructed after the Born method. Advantage was taken of the improvements in the method devised by Lewis (1915). The serial sections were photographed at a suitable enlargement on bromide paper. By means of a preliminary model of the membranous labyrinth the necessary reconstruction lines were established and transferred to the bromide prints. From these prints the membranous labyrinth and the periotic spaces were then traced on wax plates. After cutting out from the plates the areas corresponding to these structures the plates were piled and the resultant cavity was filled with plaster of paris. When the wax was finally melted off there remained a permanent plaster cast of the objects desired at a definite enlargement. Views of these models are shown on plate 4.

In outlining the periotic spaces it was found necessary to adopt an arbitrary rule as to how much should be included in the model. The smaller spaces of the reticulum surrounding the main cavities can be seen coalescing to form larger spaces, and these in turn coalesce with the main cavity as it advances into new territory. There is thus a considerable range in the size and completeness of the spaces in any one .section. The main spaces and the larger adjacent ones that communicate with them are outlined by a membrane-like border. This characteristic was adopted as the guide in determining which spaces to admit into the model; only those possessing a more or less complete border of this kind were included.



Carnegie Institution No.20 Otic Capsule: Introduction | Terminology | Historical | Material and Methods | Development of cartilaginous capsule of ear | Condensation of periotic mesenchyme | Differentiation of precartilage | Differentiation of cartilage | Growth and alteration of form of cartilaginous canals | Development of the periotic reticular connective tissue | Development of the perichondrium | Development of the periotic tissue-spaces | Development of the periotic cistern of the vestibule | Development of the periotic spaces of the semicircular ducts | Development of the scala tympani and scala vestibuli | Communication with subarachnoid spaces | Summary | Bibliography | Explanation of plates | List of Carnegie Monographs


Historic Disclaimer - information about historic embryology pages 
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Pages where the terms "Historic" (textbooks, papers, people, recommendations) appear on this site, and sections within pages where this disclaimer appears, indicate that the content and scientific understanding are specific to the time of publication. This means that while some scientific descriptions are still accurate, the terminology and interpretation of the developmental mechanisms reflect the understanding at the time of original publication and those of the preceding periods, these terms, interpretations and recommendations may not reflect our current scientific understanding.     (More? Embryology History | Historic Embryology Papers)

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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, March 19) Embryology Book - Contributions to Embryology Carnegie Institution No.20 part 2. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Book_-_Contributions_to_Embryology_Carnegie_Institution_No.20_part_2

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