User:Z3462166: Difference between revisions
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Because of the results shown, this study reports that the increase in polyspermy is the most likely cause of the reduced blastocyst formation due to the reduced capability of zygotes at elevated temperatures to develop to the next stage. (Sakatani et all, 2014) | Because of the results shown, this study reports that the increase in polyspermy is the most likely cause of the reduced blastocyst formation due to the reduced capability of zygotes at elevated temperatures to develop to the next stage. (Sakatani et all, 2014) | ||
=In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) Using Sperm Exposed to Cyclophosphamide Reduces Preimplantation Embryo Development and Live Birth after Embryo Transfer (ET) | ==Research Article 2== | ||
[http://www.fertstert.org/article/S0015-0282(14)02503-5/fulltext In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) Using Sperm Exposed to Cyclophosphamide Reduces Preimplantation Embryo Development and Live Birth after Embryo Transfer (ET)] | |||
Johnson, M. Lin, CC. Sukhwani, M. Peters, K. Malik S. Orwig, KE. Feburary 2015. Fertility and Sterility, Volume 103, Issue 2, Pg e4-e5 | Johnson, M. Lin, CC. Sukhwani, M. Peters, K. Malik S. Orwig, KE. Feburary 2015. Fertility and Sterility, Volume 103, Issue 2, Pg e4-e5 | ||
Cyclophosphamide is an alkylating agent most commonly used to treat cancers with other chemotherapy agents. It’s used to quickly control cancerous diseases but is highly toxic. Sperm banking in those prior to cancer treatment have seen to have more effective Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection in In Vitro Fertilization compared to those performing IVF/ICSI after their first dose of chemotherapy. This study tests whether there is correlation between the agent, Cyclophosphamide, and the reduced preimplantation embryo development, birth rate, and genetic integrity of embryos after embryo transfer. (Johnson et all, 2015) | Cyclophosphamide is an alkylating agent most commonly used to treat cancers with other chemotherapy agents. It’s used to quickly control cancerous diseases but is highly toxic. Sperm banking in those prior to cancer treatment have seen to have more effective Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection in In Vitro Fertilization compared to those performing IVF/ICSI after their first dose of chemotherapy. This study tests whether there is correlation between the agent, Cyclophosphamide, and the reduced preimplantation embryo development, birth rate, and genetic integrity of embryos after embryo transfer. (Johnson et all, 2015) | ||
Untreated sperm of adult male B6D2 mice were first collected. They were then administered cyclophosphamide after seven days, and were sacrificed to obtain the treated sperm. Oocytes were collected after controlled ovarian stimulation. Half the oocytes from each female were exposed with Cyclophosphamide exposed sperm and untreated sperm from the same male mice. Embryos were monitored in vitro for 2 days and were then collected for exome sequencing. (Johnson et all, 2015) | Untreated sperm of adult male B6D2 mice were first collected. They were then administered cyclophosphamide after seven days, and were sacrificed to obtain the treated sperm. Oocytes were collected after controlled ovarian stimulation. Half the oocytes from each female were exposed with Cyclophosphamide exposed sperm and untreated sperm from the same male mice. Embryos were monitored in vitro for 2 days and were then collected for exome sequencing. (Johnson et all, 2015) | ||
Results showed that the average percentage of oocyte survival was 94.8%, whereas for embryos treated with Cyclophosphamide, percentage of survival was significantly lowered to 49%. Birth rates after embryo transfer showed no difference between the two groups but Cyclophosphamide-treated group had lower litter size (0.8 vs 3.8) and pups per embryo transferred (2.7% vs. 14%). (Johnson et all, 2015) | Results showed that the average percentage of oocyte survival was 94.8%, whereas for embryos treated with Cyclophosphamide, percentage of survival was significantly lowered to 49%. Birth rates after embryo transfer showed no difference between the two groups but Cyclophosphamide-treated group had lower litter size (0.8 vs 3.8) and pups per embryo transferred (2.7% vs. 14%). (Johnson et all, 2015) | ||
This study argues that Cyclophosphamide exposed sperm decreased development in embryo, resulting in lowered numbers of offspring and lower number of offspring survival. Further investigation is needed in order to know the reason and mechanism behind Cyclophosphamide’s influence on male sperm and fertilization. (Johnson et all, 2015) | This study argues that Cyclophosphamide exposed sperm decreased development in embryo, resulting in lowered numbers of offspring and lower number of offspring survival. Further investigation is needed in order to know the reason and mechanism behind Cyclophosphamide’s influence on male sperm and fertilization. (Johnson et all, 2015) | ||
Revision as of 13:26, 14 August 2015
--Z3462166 (talk) 13:17, 14 August 2015 (AEST)
Lab 1
Research Article 1
Sakatani, M. Yamanaka, K. Balboula, AZ. Takenouchi, N. Takahashi, M. December 2, 2014. Wiley Online Library. DOI 10.1002/mrd.22441
Heat stress has previously seen a decrease in fertility in dairy cows, whilst similarly, pregnancy rates in women are recorded to be lowest during the summer season, paving way for the postulation that fertilization may be disrupted due to elevated temperatures. (Sakatani et all, 2014)
3 different experiments were performed to determine the underlying mechanism causing the disruption to fertilization due to increase in temperature. Oocytes and Spermatozoa were exposed to physiological temperatures that mirrored those of mammalian organisms. Oocytes were fertilized at 38.5-41ºC with either no-pre-incubated sperm or 38.5 / 41ºC incubated sperm, to investigate the effected on sperm plasma membrane, viability, and penetration, polyspermy, subsequent development of zygote, and embryonic competence. (Sakatani et all, 2014)
The results showed that at elevated temperatures, percentage of motile sperm were reduced, along with altered transcription due to oxidative stress, resulting in an increase in polyspermy. In addition, the zona pellucida of zygotes was sensitive to pronase digestion during heat stress, and exhibited decreased transcription of gene UCHL1, which played the role of preventing polyspermy. Rates of cell cleave and blastocysts formation were also seen to have reduced. (Sakatani et all, 2014)
Because of the results shown, this study reports that the increase in polyspermy is the most likely cause of the reduced blastocyst formation due to the reduced capability of zygotes at elevated temperatures to develop to the next stage. (Sakatani et all, 2014)
Research Article 2
Johnson, M. Lin, CC. Sukhwani, M. Peters, K. Malik S. Orwig, KE. Feburary 2015. Fertility and Sterility, Volume 103, Issue 2, Pg e4-e5
Cyclophosphamide is an alkylating agent most commonly used to treat cancers with other chemotherapy agents. It’s used to quickly control cancerous diseases but is highly toxic. Sperm banking in those prior to cancer treatment have seen to have more effective Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection in In Vitro Fertilization compared to those performing IVF/ICSI after their first dose of chemotherapy. This study tests whether there is correlation between the agent, Cyclophosphamide, and the reduced preimplantation embryo development, birth rate, and genetic integrity of embryos after embryo transfer. (Johnson et all, 2015)
Untreated sperm of adult male B6D2 mice were first collected. They were then administered cyclophosphamide after seven days, and were sacrificed to obtain the treated sperm. Oocytes were collected after controlled ovarian stimulation. Half the oocytes from each female were exposed with Cyclophosphamide exposed sperm and untreated sperm from the same male mice. Embryos were monitored in vitro for 2 days and were then collected for exome sequencing. (Johnson et all, 2015)
Results showed that the average percentage of oocyte survival was 94.8%, whereas for embryos treated with Cyclophosphamide, percentage of survival was significantly lowered to 49%. Birth rates after embryo transfer showed no difference between the two groups but Cyclophosphamide-treated group had lower litter size (0.8 vs 3.8) and pups per embryo transferred (2.7% vs. 14%). (Johnson et all, 2015) This study argues that Cyclophosphamide exposed sperm decreased development in embryo, resulting in lowered numbers of offspring and lower number of offspring survival. Further investigation is needed in order to know the reason and mechanism behind Cyclophosphamide’s influence on male sperm and fertilization. (Johnson et all, 2015)
- 2015 Course: Week 2 Lecture 1 Lecture 2 Lab 1 | Week 3 Lecture 3 Lecture 4 Lab 2 | Week 4 Lecture 5 Lecture 6 Lab 3 | Week 5 Lecture 7 Lecture 8 Lab 4 | Week 6 Lecture 9 Lecture 10 Lab 5 | Week 7 Lecture 11 Lecture 12 Lab 6 | Week 8 Lecture 13 Lecture 14 Lab 7 | Week 9 Lecture 15 Lecture 16 Lab 8 | Week 10 Lecture 17 Lecture 18 Lab 9 | Week 11 Lecture 19 Lecture 20 Lab 10 | Week 12 Lecture 21 Lecture 22 Lab 11 | Week 13 Lecture 23 Lecture 24 Lab 12 | 2015 Projects: Three Person Embryos | Ovarian Hyper-stimulation Syndrome | Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome | Male Infertility | Oncofertility | Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis | Students | Student Designed Quiz Questions | Moodle page
