User:Z3414648: Difference between revisions
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<pubmed>24934154</pubmed> | <pubmed>24934154</pubmed> | ||
This article from PubMed explores the role of the ZP2 receptor and protein in | This article from PubMed explores the role of the ZP2 receptor and protein in female mice fertility and species-specific nature of the fusion of spermatozoa and oocyte during successful fertilisation. ZP2 is a glycoprotein found in a region of the extracellular oocyte-surrounding zona pellucida . Polyspermy is an abnormal and detrimental process where membrane fusion occurs between one oocyte and more than one spermatozoa. It is inefficient for more than one spermatozoa to bind to the oocyte because only one male and female gamete are required for successful fertilisation. The authors of this article used gamete samples from both mice and human origin to illustrate their findings. | ||
The authors used various materials and scientific methods in order to achieve their results. There were extensive, complex and repetitive biochemical and transgenic variations made in order to manipulate the gene expression and protein synthesis occurring in the test subjects, in this case mice. In order to control which cells could be genetically modified to express human or mice ZP2 protein, they scientists needed to first produce transgenic mouse lines from embryonic stem cells that had not yet differentiated into any of the ZP1, ZP2, ZP3 or ZP4. They created Bacterial Artifical Chromosomes carrying either the mouse or human form of the ZP2 gene and these were transformed into bacterial cells containing the gamma prophage. The recombinants could be identified by growing the transformed cells on minimal media with galactose. Once the transgenic mice line was established, they were genotyped using TP2 specific primers in extensive PCR reactions. The eggs and embryos were examined under the microscope and the scientists carried out immunohistochemistry. They examined the fertility of the females with and without the ZP2 binding ability through mice and human sperm assays. They also experimented with in vitro fertilisation of the female mice oocyte with mice sperm and then human sperm. | The authors used various materials and scientific methods in order to achieve their results. There were extensive, complex and repetitive biochemical and transgenic variations made in order to manipulate the gene expression and protein synthesis occurring in the test subjects, in this case mice. In order to control which cells could be genetically modified to express human or mice ZP2 protein, they scientists needed to first produce transgenic mouse lines from embryonic stem cells that had not yet differentiated into any of the ZP1, ZP2, ZP3 or ZP4. They created Bacterial Artifical Chromosomes carrying either the mouse or human form of the ZP2 gene and these were transformed into bacterial cells containing the gamma prophage. The recombinants could be identified by growing the transformed cells on minimal media with galactose. Once the transgenic mice line was established, they were genotyped using TP2 specific primers in extensive PCR reactions. The eggs and embryos were examined under the microscope and the scientists carried out immunohistochemistry. They examined the fertility of the females with and without the ZP2 binding ability through mice and human sperm assays. They also experimented with in vitro fertilisation of the female mice oocyte with mice sperm and then human sperm. |
Revision as of 18:49, 12 August 2014
Welcome to the 2014 Embryology Course!
- Links: Timetable | How to work online | One page Wiki Reference Card | Moodle
- Each week the individual assessment questions will be displayed in the practical class pages and also added here.
- Copy the assessment items to your own page and provide your answer.
- Note - Some guest assessments may require completion of a worksheet that will be handed in in class with your student name and ID.
Individual Lab Assessment |
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Lab 12 - Stem Cell Presentation Assessment | More Info | |
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Group | Comment | Mark (10) |
1/8 |
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7 |
2 |
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7.5 |
3 |
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7.5 |
4 |
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8.5 |
5 |
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8.5 |
6 |
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8.5 |
7 |
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7.5 |
<pubmed>24934154</pubmed>
This article from PubMed explores the role of the ZP2 receptor and protein in female mice fertility and species-specific nature of the fusion of spermatozoa and oocyte during successful fertilisation. ZP2 is a glycoprotein found in a region of the extracellular oocyte-surrounding zona pellucida . Polyspermy is an abnormal and detrimental process where membrane fusion occurs between one oocyte and more than one spermatozoa. It is inefficient for more than one spermatozoa to bind to the oocyte because only one male and female gamete are required for successful fertilisation. The authors of this article used gamete samples from both mice and human origin to illustrate their findings.
The authors used various materials and scientific methods in order to achieve their results. There were extensive, complex and repetitive biochemical and transgenic variations made in order to manipulate the gene expression and protein synthesis occurring in the test subjects, in this case mice. In order to control which cells could be genetically modified to express human or mice ZP2 protein, they scientists needed to first produce transgenic mouse lines from embryonic stem cells that had not yet differentiated into any of the ZP1, ZP2, ZP3 or ZP4. They created Bacterial Artifical Chromosomes carrying either the mouse or human form of the ZP2 gene and these were transformed into bacterial cells containing the gamma prophage. The recombinants could be identified by growing the transformed cells on minimal media with galactose. Once the transgenic mice line was established, they were genotyped using TP2 specific primers in extensive PCR reactions. The eggs and embryos were examined under the microscope and the scientists carried out immunohistochemistry. They examined the fertility of the females with and without the ZP2 binding ability through mice and human sperm assays. They also experimented with in vitro fertilisation of the female mice oocyte with mice sperm and then human sperm.
These scientists accumulated results which revealed with following things. The transgenic female mice that did not express ZP2 in their zona pellucida where sterile. Female mice that were genetically modified to express the four human ZP proteins (ZP1, ZP2, ZP3 and ZP4) were recognised by human sperm to carry our successful fertilisation. However the female mice that did not express the human ZP2 protein did not attract the human sperm for fertilisation. This illustrated the species-specific gamete fusion that occurs in human fertilisation.
<pubmed>23909991</pubmed>