Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A

Introduction

Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) largest of the pregnancy associated proteins produced by both embryo and placenta ( syncytiocytotrophoblasts) during pregnancy (Placenta Notes). This protein is thought to have several different functions, including preventing recognition of the fetus by the maternal immune system, matrix mineralization and angiogenesis. Levels of PAPP-A rise from first detection in the first trimester until term.

Detection of this protein is also used as a first and second trimester diagnostic test for Trisomy 21. (More? Trisomy 21 - Down Syndrome)

Maternal serum concentrations are related to subsequent fetal growth and this relationship has suggested that it can be used as a diagnostic test for adverse pregnancy outcomes (intrauterine growth restriction, premature birth, preeclampsia, and stillbirth).

Alternative names: SP4, high molecular weight alpha-2 mobile pregnancy-specific protein, IGFBP4 protease