Musculoskeletal System - Skull Development: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 19:31, 31 July 2010
Introduction
Historic images of the skull by Vesalius
The Skull is a unique skeletal structure in several ways: embryonic cellular origin (neural crest), form of ossification (intramembranous and endochondrial) and flexibility (fibrous sutures).
The cranial vault (which encloses the brain) bones are formed by intramembranous ossification. While the bones that form the base of the skull are formed by endochondrial ossification.
The bones enclosing the brain have large flexible fibrous joints (sutures) which allow firstly the head to pass through the birth canal and secondly postnatal brain growth.
In humans, ossification continues postnatally, through puberty until mid 20s and in old age the sutures separating the vault plates are often completely ossified.
In the entire skeleton, early ossification occurs in the jaw and at the ends of long bones (More? see movie developing mouse). Osteoblasts manufacture bone and are derived from ectomesenchymal in origin. (More? see lineage below). Flexible fibrous sutures allow growth of the brain to be accomodated by calvarial plate growth. Recent studies have show that noggin (a BMP antagonist) is involved in closure of these sutures.
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<pubmed>1522265</pubmed> <pubmed>9482048</pubmed> <pubmed>7813156</pubmed> <pubmed>7813157</pubmed> <pubmed>8266985</pubmed>
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<pubmed>14504503</pubmed>
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, May 20) Embryology Musculoskeletal System - Skull Development. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Musculoskeletal_System_-_Skull_Development
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G