Integumentary System - Nail Development: Difference between revisions

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Notice - Mark Hill

Currently this page is only a template and is being updated (this notice removed when completed).

Introduction

Neonatal nail

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Historic Embryology - Integumentary
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Some Recent Findings

Incomplete development of the nail of the hallux in the newborn.^[1] "Between March and October 2008, the nails of 541 (252 females, 289 males) consecutively born neonates with an average age of 3.2 days were examined in the Neonatology Unit. Of these newborns with nail disorders, 36 were re-examined after a period that ranged from seven days to six months. The most frequent nail alteration was the incomplete development of the hallux nail, which was triangular - sometimes trapezoidal - shaped. This alteration, which had been previously reported in the literature as congenital hypertrophy of the lateral folds of the hallux, spontaneously regressed within one to three months in the infants re-examined. There was no associated inflammation or onychocryptosis at any time. The apparent hypertrophy of the nail folds seemed to be secondary to the lack of pressure of the nail lamina."
Lyonization pattern of normal human nails.^[2] "To examine the X-inactivation patterns of normal human nails, we performed the human androgen receptor gene assay of DNA samples extracted separately from each finger and toe nail plates of nine female volunteers. The X-inactivation pattern of each nail was unique and constant for at least 2 years. ...These findings suggest that the composition of precursor cells of each nail is maintained at each site at least through several cycles of regeneration time, and that the nail plate has a longitudinal band pattern, each band consisting of cells with only one of the two X-chromosomes inactivated."

Textbooks

Human Embryology (2nd ed.) Larson Chapter 14 p443-455
The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology (6th ed.) Moore and Persaud Chapter 20: P513-529
Before We Are Born (5th ed.) Moore and Persaud Chapter 21: P481-496
Essentials of Human Embryology Larson Chapter 14: P303-315
Human Embryology, Fitzgerald and Fitzgerald
Color Atlas of Clinical Embryology Moore Persaud and Shiota Chapter 15: p231-236

Development Overview

Forelimb before hindlimb - week 10 fingernails, week 14 toe nails
nail field - appears at tip and migrates to dorsal surface
thickened epidermis - surrounding cells form nail fold
keratinization of proximal nail fold forms nail plate

Nails reach Digit Tip

week 32 fingernails
week 36 toenails
- nail growth indicator of prematurity

Abnormalities

Nail-patella syndrome

References

↑ <pubmed>20579456</pubmed>
↑ <pubmed>18429815</pubmed>

Journals

Reviews

Articles

Search PubMed

Search Pubmed: Nail Development

Additional Images

Category:Integumentary

Terms

nail plate - visible part of the nail
nail bed - skin beneath the nail plate
cuticle - tissue that overlaps the plate and rims the base of the nail
nail folds - skin folds that frame and support the nail on three sides
lunula - half-moon at the base of the nail
matrix - hidden part of the nail unit under the cuticle

External Links

Embryo Images - Human (day 64) primary nail fields

Glossary Links

Glossary: A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Numbers | Symbols | Term Link

Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, May 4) Embryology Integumentary System - Nail Development. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Integumentary_System_-_Nail_Development

What Links Here?

[1] <pubmed>20579456</pubmed>

[2] <pubmed>18429815</pubmed>

[1]

[2]

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 * '''Incomplete development of the nail of the hallux in the newborn.'''<ref><pubmed>20579456</pubmed></ref> "Between March and October 2008, the nails of 541 (252 females, 289 males) consecutively born neonates with an average age of 3.2 days were examined in the Neonatology Unit. Of these newborns with nail disorders, 36 were re-examined after a period that ranged from seven days to six months. The most frequent nail alteration was the incomplete development of the hallux nail, which was triangular - sometimes trapezoidal - shaped. This alteration, which had been previously reported in the literature as congenital hypertrophy of the lateral folds of the hallux, spontaneously regressed within one to three months in the infants re-examined. There was no associated inflammation or onychocryptosis at any time. The apparent hypertrophy of the nail folds seemed to be secondary to the lack of pressure of the nail lamina."
+* '''Lyonization pattern of normal human nails.'''<ref><pubmed>18429815</pubmed></ref> "To examine the X-inactivation patterns of normal human nails, we performed the human androgen receptor gene assay of DNA samples extracted separately from each finger and toe nail plates of nine female volunteers. The X-inactivation pattern of each nail was unique and constant for at least 2 years. ...These findings suggest that the composition of precursor cells of each nail is maintained at each site at least through several cycles of regeneration time, and that the nail plate has a longitudinal band pattern, each band consisting of cells with only one of the two X-chromosomes inactivated."
 |}