Endocrine - Hypothalamus Development: Difference between revisions
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{{Template:Endocrine Links}} | [[2009_Lecture_6|Lecture - Early Neural Development]] | [[2009_Lecture_21|Lecture - Late Neural Development]] | [[2009_Lecture_11|Lecture - Head Development]] | [http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Notes/endocrine16.htm original page] | {{Template:Endocrine Links}} | [[2009_Lecture_6|Lecture - Early Neural Development]] | [[2009_Lecture_21|Lecture - Late Neural Development]] | [[2009_Lecture_11|Lecture - Head Development]] | [http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Notes/endocrine16.htm original page] | ||
=== | ===Development Overview=== | ||
* Neuroectoderm - prosenecephalon then diencephalon | * Neuroectoderm - prosenecephalon then diencephalon | ||
* ventro-lateral wall intermediate zone proliferation | * ventro-lateral wall intermediate zone proliferation |
Revision as of 18:52, 25 April 2010
Introduction
In the adult, large neurosecretory cells of the supraoptic nucleus (SON) and the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) project to the neurohypophysis from the hypothalamus.
In the early embryo, neuroectoderm of the forebrain (prosenecephalon) primary brain vesicle divides to form two secondary brain vesicles, telencephalon (endbrain, cortex) and diencephalon. From the diencephalon ventro-lateral wall, intermediate zone proliferation generates the primordial hypothalamus.
Growth hormone (GH) secretion from the pituitary is controlled in many different ways, including positive/negative regulation of synthesis and release by the hypothalamus. Hypothalamic GH releasing hormone (GHRH) activates and somatostatin suppresses growth hormone synthesis and release.
Other key nuclei within the hypothalamus include the sexually dimorphic nucleus (SDN, intermediate nucleus, INAH-1), suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and tuberal lateral nucleus (NTL).
The SDN is twice as large in young male adults as in young females. At birth 20% of the adult SDN cell number is present, from then until 2-4 years of age cell numbers increase equally rapidly in both sexes. After this age cell numbers start to decrease in girls, creating the sex difference.
The SCN is the clock of the brain and shows circadian and seasonal fluctuations in vasopressin-expressing cell numbers. (SDN and SCN text modified from: Swaab, 1995)
The tuberal lateral nucleus (NTL) is involved in feeding behavior and energy metabolism.
Hormones - Thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH), Corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH), Arginine vasopressin (AVP), Gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH), Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH), Somatostatin, Prolactin relasing factor (PRF), Dopamine
| Lecture - Early Neural Development | Lecture - Late Neural Development | Lecture - Head Development | original page
Development Overview
- Neuroectoderm - prosenecephalon then diencephalon
- ventro-lateral wall intermediate zone proliferation
- Mamillary bodies - form pea-sized swellings ventral wall of hypothalamus
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, May 21) Embryology Endocrine - Hypothalamus Development. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Endocrine_-_Hypothalamus_Development
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G