Abnormal Development - Listeria
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Introduction
The bacterium Listeria monocytogenes is the pathogenic form of the 7 listeria species. Infection is generally through ingestion of organisms in contaminated food. Maternal symptoms may be mild, fetal effects can range from insignificant through to major abnormalities. Maternal treatment relates to potential developmental effects. Pregnancy greatly increases the risk of listeriosis, with pregnant women about 60% of all cases (male and female) aged 10 to 40 years. Similar effects are seem in other mammalian species.[1] See also the listeriosis review article[2] and the Guinea pig placenta listeria model[3] Generalized suppression of immunity during pregnancy is suggest to have a role in susceptibility, though recent results in a mouse model suggest that susceptibility can occur very early in a pregnancy and may relate to enteric carriage rate.[1]
Bacterial Links: bacterial infection | syphilis | gonorrhea | tuberculosis | listeria | salmonella | TORCH | Environmental | Category:Bacteria |
Some Recent Findings
Listeria Infection
- ingestion of contaminated food
- colonization of the intestine
- intestinal translocation
- replication in the liver and spleen
- either the resolution of infection or spread to other organs resulting in a systemic infection
Lineage
Placental Infection
Model of L. monocytogenes mechanisms for breaching the maternal-fetal barrier[5] (text below modified from original reference)
Gram Stain
Bacterial staining procedure named after Hans Christian Gram (1853 - 1938). Generally divides bacteria into either:
- Gram-positive bacteria purple crystal violet stain is trapped by layer of peptidoglycan (forms outer layer of the cell).
- Gram-negative bacteria outer membrane prevents stain from reaching peptidoglycan layer in the periplasm, outer membrane then permeabilized and pink safranin counterstain is trapped by peptidoglycan layer.
- Links: Histology Stains
Australian NHMRC Recommendations
The Australian NHMRC (1988) recommends neonates be assessed for follow-up care under the following conditions.
- Birthweight less than 1500g or gestational age less than 32 weeks
- Small-for-gestational-age neonates
- Perinatal asphyxia
- Apgar score less than 3 at 5 minutes
- clinical evidence of neurological dysfunction
- delay in onset of spontaneous respiration for more than 5 minutes and requiring mechanical ventilation
- Clinical evidence of central nervous system abnormalities ie., seizures, hypotonia
- Hyperbilirubinaemia of greater than 350umol/l in full term neonates
- Genetic, dysmorphic or metabolic disorders or a family history of serious genetic disorder
- Perinatal or serious neonatal infection including children of mothers who are HIV positive
- Psychosocial problems eg., infants of drug-addicted or alcoholic mothers.
- Links: NHMRC WWW Page
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Suyemoto MM, Spears PA, Hamrick TS, Barnes JA, Havell EA & Orndorff PE. (2010). Factors associated with the acquisition and severity of gestational listeriosis. PLoS ONE , 5, e13000. PMID: 20885996 DOI.
- ↑ Doganay M. (2003). Listeriosis: clinical presentation. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. , 35, 173-5. PMID: 12648833
- ↑ Bakardjiev AI, Stacy BA & Portnoy DA. (2005). Growth of Listeria monocytogenes in the guinea pig placenta and role of cell-to-cell spread in fetal infection. J. Infect. Dis. , 191, 1889-97. PMID: 15871123 DOI.
- ↑ Blencowe H, Cousens S, Kamb M, Berman S & Lawn JE. (2011). Lives Saved Tool supplement detection and treatment of syphilis in pregnancy to reduce syphilis related stillbirths and neonatal mortality. BMC Public Health , 11 Suppl 3, S9. PMID: 21501460 DOI.
- ↑ <pubmed>20107601</pubmed>| PLoS
Reviews
Lamont RF, Sobel J, Mazaki-Tovi S, Kusanovic JP, Vaisbuch E, Kim SK, Uldbjerg N & Romero R. (2011). Listeriosis in human pregnancy: a systematic review. J Perinat Med , 39, 227-36. PMID: 21517700 DOI.
Posfay-Barbe KM & Wald ER. (2009). Listeriosis. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med , 14, 228-33. PMID: 19231307 DOI.
Goldenberg RL & Thompson C. (2003). The infectious origins of stillbirth. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. , 189, 861-73. PMID: 14526331
Albritton WL, Cochi SL & Feeley JC. (1984). Overview of neonatal listeriosis. Clin Invest Med , 7, 311-4. PMID: 6398177
Articles
Jackson KA, Iwamoto M & Swerdlow D. (2010). Pregnancy-associated listeriosis. Epidemiol. Infect. , 138, 1503-9. PMID: 20158931 DOI.
Bakardjiev AI, Stacy BA, Fisher SJ & Portnoy DA. (2004). Listeriosis in the pregnant guinea pig: a model of vertical transmission. Infect. Immun. , 72, 489-97. PMID: 14688130
Topalovski M, Yang SS & Boonpasat Y. (1993). Listeriosis of the placenta: clinicopathologic study of seven cases. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. , 169, 616-20. PMID: 8372871
Storrs CN & Partridge JW. (1980). Listeria infections in the newborn. Arch. Dis. Child. , 55, 246. PMID: 7387172
Luft BJ & Remington JS. (1982). Effect of pregnancy on resistance to Listeria monocytogenes and Toxoplasma gondii infections in mice. Infect. Immun. , 38, 1164-71. PMID: 6818146
Scott JM & Henderson A. (1968). A case of listeriosis of the newborn. J. Med. Microbiol. , 1, 97-104. PMID: 4990031 DOI.
Textbooks
Medical Microbiology - Listeria | Listeria Search
Search Pubmed
Search PubMed: Congenital Listeria | Abnormal Embryology Listeria | Abnormal Development Listeria
External Links
External Links Notice - The dynamic nature of the internet may mean that some of these listed links may no longer function. If the link no longer works search the web with the link text or name. Links to any external commercial sites are provided for information purposes only and should never be considered an endorsement. UNSW Embryology is provided as an educational resource with no clinical information or commercial affiliation.
- NHMRC (Australia) - Prevention of Listeria (PDF)
- Medline Plus
- Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (UK) Infection and Pregnancy - study group recommendations (Jun 2001)
Glossary Links
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, June 16) Embryology Abnormal Development - Listeria. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Abnormal_Development_-_Listeria
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G