Stem Cells - Induced
Introduction
The term "induced stem cell" refers to the new methods of gene introduction and expression that generate stem cells from both embryo and adult tissues.
A useful guide (online PDF document) to stem cells was produced in a report by the National Institute of Health (NIH, USA, May 2000) Stem Cells: A Primer (note large size - 4.84 Mb) and more recently NIH has established a Stem Cell information page.
Some Recent Findings
Nature advance online publication 23 July 2009 | doi:10.1038/nature08267; Received 9 January 2009; Accepted 3 July 2009; Published online 23 July 2009 Xiao-yang Zhao iPS cells produce viable mice through tetraploid complementation near-final version "Here we report the generation of several iPS cell lines that are capable of generating viable, live-born progeny by tetraploid complementation. These iPS cells maintain a pluripotent potential that is very close to ES cells generated from in vivo or nuclear transfer embryos. We demonstrate the practicality of using iPS cells as useful tools for the characterization of cellular reprogramming and developmental potency, and confirm that iPS cells can attain true pluripotency that is similar to that of ES cells." |
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell
(iPS cell) A reprogrammed adult stem cell to form an embryonic stem cell, from which tissues or whole animals can develop. Can be generated by the expression of just four specific transcription factors.
Links: Nature Jul09 | ABC - Mice pups bred from adult stem cells
Yamanaka Factors
Yamanaka Factors[4][5] Are a set of 4 transcription factors when introduced into cells induces stem cell formation. These four transcription factors can be expressed from doxycycline (dox)-inducible lentiviral vectors.
OCT4
- Transcription factors containing the POU homeodomain
- Links: OMIM - OCT4
SOX2
- Sry-related HMG-Box gene 2
- Links: OMIM - SOX2
KLF4
- Kruppel-like factor 4, zinc finger protein, transcription factor which acts as both an activator and repressor.
- Links: OMIM - KLF4
cMyc
- The MYC protooncogene encodes a DNA-binding factor that can activate and repress transcription.
- Ectopic expression of c-Myc can also cause tumorigenicity in offspring.
- Links: OMIM - MYC The MYC protooncogene encodes a DNA-binding factor that can activate and repress transcription. Ectopic expression of c-Myc can also cause tumorigenicity in offspring.
- More recently shown that Oct4 together with either Klf4 or c-Myc is sufficient to generate iPS cells from neural stem cells.[6]
- Tbx3 transcription factor significantly improves the quality of iPS cells.[7]
Thomson Factors
OCT4
- Links: OMIM - OCT4
SOX2
- Links: OMIM - SOX2
NANOG
- Links: OMIM - NANOG
LIN28
- 'Links:
Target Genes
Oct4, Nanog, and Sox2 target genes
References
Reviews
<pubmed>17157222</pubmed> <pubmed>17123233</pubmed> <pubmed>17076989</pubmed>
Articles
<pubmed>19898493</pubmed> <pubmed>17282993</pubmed> <pubmed>17234930</pubmed>
Search PubMed
Search PubMed: Feb 2007 "adult stem cells" 811 reference articles of which 367 were reviews.
Search PubMed Now: adult stem cells | induced pluripotent stem cell |
Additional Images
External Links
External Links Notice - The dynamic nature of the internet may mean that some of these listed links may no longer function. If the link no longer works search the web with the link text or name. Links to any external commercial sites are provided for information purposes only and should never be considered an endorsement. UNSW Embryology is provided as an educational resource with no clinical information or commercial affiliation.
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University Generation of Human induced Pluripotent Stem Cells PDF
- Journal of Visualized Experiments - Generating iPS Cells from MEFS through Forced Expression of Sox-2, Oct-4, c-Myc, and Klf4
Glossary Links
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, June 20) Embryology Stem Cells - Induced. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Stem_Cells_-_Induced
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G