Adipose Tissue Development
Embryology - 19 Jun 2024 Expand to Translate |
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Introduction
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Connective tissues in the body have a mesoderm origin, while in the head neural crest also contributes to these tissues.
This topic is also covered in musculoskeletal (tendon), integumentary (Integumentary Development) and endocrine development (Adipose Tissue).
Blood is a liquid connective tissue (More? blood).
- Loose and dense connective tissue
- Reticular connective tissue
- Adipose Tissue
- Mesenchymal connective tissue
Some Recent Findings
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More recent papers |
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This table allows an automated computer search of the external PubMed database using the listed "Search term" text link.
More? References | Discussion Page | Journal Searches | 2019 References | 2020 References Search term: Adipose Embryology <pubmed limit=5>Adipose Embryology</pubmed>
<pubmed limit=5>Brown Embryology</pubmed> |
Development Overview
Anatomical Region | Specific Location | Start (weeks) |
CRL (mm) | Complete (weeks) |
CRL (mm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Head | Buccal pad | 14 | 100 | 17 | 153 |
Cheek | 14.5 | 103 | 17 | 150 | |
Chin | 14.5 | 103 | 17 | 150 | |
Ocular pad | 15 | 113 | 19.5 | 170 | |
Neck | Neck | 15 | 113 | 19.5 | 170 |
Thorax | Anterior wall | 16 | 135 | 19.5 | 170 |
Posterior wall | 15 | 113 | 20.5 | 190 | |
Mammary | 14.5 | 106 | 17.5 | 156 | |
Abdomen | Abdominal wall | 14.5 | 106 | 20.5 | 190 |
Perirenal | 15 | 113 | 20.5 | 190 | |
Upper limb | Shoulder | 15 | 113 | 23.5 | 216 |
Forearm | 16 | 131 | 20.5 | 190 | |
Arm | 16 | 131 | 20.5 | 190 | |
Hand | 16 | 131 | l9.5 | 172 | |
Lower limb | Gluteal | 16 | 131 | 20.5 | 190 |
Thigh | 16.5 | 141 | 22.5 | 212 | |
Leg | 16 | 131 | 22.5 | 212 | |
Foot | 16 | 131 | 19.5 | 170 | |
Table Notes - weeks are fertilization age (FA), not GA, both male and female data are combined. Table Data source[4] Links: adipose | Second Trimester |
- hand - begins in the subcutis of the palm and then progresses proximally to the wrist and distally into the fingers.
- week 23 - thickened layer of subcutaneous fat covers the extremities of the limbs, as for newborn.
Mesoderm Development
Molecular Development
Adipocyte differentiation regulation.[2]
Notch1 signaling in adipocyte progenitor cells regulates the adipogenesis process including proliferation and differentiation of the adipocyte progenitor cells.[5]
- Links: NOTCH
White Adipose
Brown Adipose
- Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT) arises from progenitor cells that also give rise to skeletal muscle,
- Brown adipocytes have numerous small lipid droplets rather than a single large one as in white adipocytes
- Elevated numbers of mitochondria
- mitochondrial expression of the nuclear gene UCP1, the uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation responsible for non-shivering thermogenesis.
BAT distribution in the newborn infant:[6]
- Interscapular - mass lies in a thin diamond-shaped sheet between the shoulder blades, separated from the subcutaneous WAT by a discontinuous fibrous layer. When replete with fat it has a yellowish-brown colour; depleted it is much darker. It has a fine lobular structure.
- Neck muscles and blood vessels - many smaller masses with the main mass following the course of the internal jugular vein and common carotid artery.
- Axilla - large deposits as extensions from the neck tissue that pass under the clavicles.
- Great vessels - entering the thoracic inlet extending as fine fingers that spread out from the midline with each intercostal artery. Similar deposits lie among the internal mammary vessels. Many discrete, moderately large masses lie in the mediastinum between the oesophagus and the trachea.
- Abdomen - discrete masses accompany the aorta and lie in relation to many structures on the posterior abdominal wall such as the pancreas, autonomic ganglia and chromaffin tissue. The largest abdominal mass envelops the [[renal}} and adrenals.
Somite - Dermatome
The dermis and hypodermis layers of the skin.
Somatic Mesoderm
The body wall connective tissue.
Splanchnic Mesoderm
The lamina propria and submucosa layers of the gastrointestinal tract wall.
References
- ↑ Sebo ZL, Jeffery E, Holtrup B & Rodeheffer MS. (2018). A mesodermal fate map for adipose tissue. Development , , . PMID: 30045918 DOI.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Stephens JM. (2012). The fat controller: adipocyte development. PLoS Biol. , 10, e1001436. PMID: 23209380 DOI.
- ↑ Cannon B & Nedergaard J. (2004). Brown adipose tissue: function and physiological significance. Physiol. Rev. , 84, 277-359. PMID: 14715917 DOI.
- ↑ Poissonnet CM, LaVelle M & Burdi AR. (1988). Growth and development of adipose tissue. J. Pediatr. , 113, 1-9. PMID: 3290412
- ↑ Shan T, Liu J, Wu W, Xu Z & Wang Y. (2017). Roles of Notch Signaling in Adipocyte Progenitor Cells and Mature Adipocytes. J. Cell. Physiol. , 232, 1258-1261. PMID: 27869309 DOI.
- ↑ Aherne W & Hull D. (1966). Brown adipose tissue and heat production in the newborn infant. J Pathol Bacteriol , 91, 223-34. PMID: 5941392 DOI.
Reviews
Tews D & Wabitsch M. (2011). Renaissance of brown adipose tissue. Horm Res Paediatr , 75, 231-9. PMID: 21372557 DOI.
Schulz TJ & Tseng YH. (2009). Emerging role of bone morphogenetic proteins in adipogenesis and energy metabolism. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. , 20, 523-31. PMID: 19896888 DOI.
Forhead AJ & Fowden AL. (2009). The hungry fetus? Role of leptin as a nutritional signal before birth. J. Physiol. (Lond.) , 587, 1145-52. PMID: 19188249 DOI.
Billon N, Monteiro MC & Dani C. (2008). Developmental origin of adipocytes: new insights into a pending question. Biol. Cell , 100, 563-75. PMID: 18793119 DOI.
Cannon B & Nedergaard J. (2004). Brown adipose tissue: function and physiological significance. Physiol. Rev. , 84, 277-359. PMID: 14715917 DOI.
Articles
Billon N, Kolde R, Reimand J, Monteiro MC, Kull M, Peterson H, Tretyakov K, Adler P, Wdziekonski B, Vilo J & Dani C. (2010). Comprehensive transcriptome analysis of mouse embryonic stem cell adipogenesis unravels new processes of adipocyte development. Genome Biol. , 11, R80. PMID: 20678241 DOI.
Billon N, Iannarelli P, Monteiro MC, Glavieux-Pardanaud C, Richardson WD, Kessaris N, Dani C & Dupin E. (2007). The generation of adipocytes by the neural crest. Development , 134, 2283-92. PMID: 17507398 DOI.
Search PubMed
Search Pubmed: adipose Development
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, June 19) Embryology Adipose Tissue Development. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Adipose_Tissue_Development
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G