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====2) Vascular shunts in the fetal circulation==== | ====2) Vascular shunts in the fetal circulation==== | ||
<ref name="PMID24940417"><pubmed>24940417</pubmed></ref> | <ref name="PMID24940417"><pubmed>24940417</pubmed></ref> | ||
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During fetal development the liver and lungs are non-functional, thus a series of shunts exist in the fetal circulation so that these organs are by-passed. | During fetal development the liver and lungs are non-functional, thus a series of shunts exist in the fetal circulation so that these organs are by-passed. |
Revision as of 14:52, 4 September 2014
Welcome to the 2014 Embryology Course!
- Links: Timetable | How to work online | One page Wiki Reference Card | Moodle
- Each week the individual assessment questions will be displayed in the practical class pages and also added here.
- Copy the assessment items to your own page and provide your answer.
- Note - Some guest assessments may require completion of a worksheet that will be handed in in class with your student name and ID.
Individual Lab Assessment |
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Lab 12 - Stem Cell Presentation Assessment | More Info | |
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Group | Comment | Mark (10) |
1/8 |
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7 |
2 |
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7.5 |
3 |
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7.5 |
4 |
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8.5 |
5 |
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8.5 |
6 |
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8.5 |
7 |
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7.5 |
Lab Attendance
Lab 1
Z3417796 (talk) 12:52, 6 August 2014 (EST)
Lab 2
--Z3417796 (talk) 11:54, 13 August 2014 (EST)
Lab 3
--Z3417796 (talk) 11:41, 20 August 2014 (EST)
Lab 5
--Z3417796 (talk) 12:54, 3 September 2014 (EST)
Practice
Links
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed [2]
Reference
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25084016 [3] <pubmed>25084016</pubmed>
Belbin Model Team Roles
Although I feel as if aspects of my personality and demeanour may fall into more than one specific category, the Monitor Evaluator may be the role that best describes my contribution to group work tasks :)
Monitor Evaluator
Monitor Evaluators are fair and logical observers and judges of what is going on in the team. Since they are good at detaching themselves from bias, they are often the ones to see all available options with the greatest clarity and impartiality. They take a broad view when problem-solving, and by moving slowly and analytically, will almost always come to the right decision. However, they can become very critical, damping enthusiasm for anything without logical grounds, and they have a hard time inspiring themselves or others to be passionate about their work.
Individual Assessments
Lab 1: Fertilisation Reference
Reference 1
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23835722 [4] <pubmed>23835722</pubmed>
Purpose
The usefulness of low O2 concentrations in human IVF technology is an ongoing question with numerous laboratories still uncertain as to the actual influence and significance on clinical outcome. The purpose of this randomised clinical trial was to investigate the impact of atmospheric vs. low concentrations of oxygen (O2) during the complete process of human zygote and embryonic development. The study was performed utilising sibling oocytes with the differentiations between the two O2 culture levels measured from fertilisation, from embryo until blastocyst formation, through pregnancy and live birth.
Method
The participants of the study comprised of 258 women who underwent intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment with a minimum of eight oocytes extracted. The recovered oocytes were cultured and randomly allocated into one of two-treatment groups- incubation in either 5% or 20% O2 conditions. The temperature in both incubators was 37 °C. Evaluation of embryonic development was made in terms of fertilisation, cleavage and the quality of both the embryo and blastocyst. Secondary factors assessed included implantation, maintenance of pregnancy and live births.
Results
A sum of 3,638 matured (metaphase II phase) oocytes were extracted through the study, of which 1833 were incubated under 5% O2 conditions and 1805 sibling oocytes under the alternate 20% O2 treatment condition. Levels of fertilisation and rates of cleavage between the two treatment groups showed no significant differences. However, significant distinctions were seen with the 5% O2 group, which presented significantly more blastomeres (p<0.05), a greater quantity of high quality day 3 embryos (p<0.02) in addition to a significantly increased number of available embryos, per cycle, for transfer and freezing (31.6% vs. 23.1% for the 20% O2 group; P<0.0001). The lower oxygen concentration also seemed to suggest a better influence on clinical outcomes, with significantly higher rates of implantation, pregnancy and live births (22.1% vs. 10.3%, P<0.03; 38.2% vs.18.4%, P<0.05, 34.2% vs. 15.8%, P<0.05 respectively).
Reference 2
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25071849 [5] <pubmed>PMC4111889</pubmed>
Purpose
Developments in human embryo culturing and cryoconservation techniques in IVF technology have lead to a modification in embryo transfer procedures from early fresh or frozen-thawed cleavage embryo to fresh or frozen-thawed blastocyst stage transfer. The purpose of the clinical trial was to investigate the impact of fresh or frozen-thawed embryo and blastocyst stage transfer upon clinical outcome.
Method
The participants of the study comprised of 1150 women who underwent IVF treatment cycles or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment with a total number of 1891 oocytes extracted. The total number of recovered oocytes were experimentally divided into one of two transfer groups- fresh embryonic (n=1150) and frozen-thawed embryonic (n=741) transfers. The 1150 women of the fresh embryonic transfer group were further sub-composed of either cleavage stage (n=799, <35 years old and n=194, >35 years old) or blastocyst stage (n=131, <35 years old and n=26, > 35 years old). The 741 women of the frozen-thawed embryonic transfer group were further sub-composed of either cleavage stage (n=159, <35 years old and n=53, >35 years old) or cleavage stage extended blastocyst culture (n=111, <35 years old and n=26, >35 years old) or blastocyst stage transfer (n=276, <35 years old and n=52, >35 years old). Statistical analysis was then applied to all collected data.
Results
Data on the rates of clinical pregnancy in the fresh cleavage stage embryo and fresh blastocyst transfer in women <35 years were statistically significant (52.7% and 35.88%),(p<0.0001). A statistically significant difference was also noted for the same treatment groups in women >35 years of age (41.24% vs. 26.92%). Rates of clinical pregnancy in the frozen-thawed cleavage stage embryo and frozen-thawed blastocyst transfers were also significant (p<0.0001) in women <35 years (35.29% and 59.8%) and in women >35 years of age (11.32% and 55.8%). Rates of clinical pregnancy between the post thaw cleavage stage extended blastocyst and frozen-thawed blastocyst transfers were also significant (p<0.0001) in women <35 years (47.75% vs. 59.8%) and women >35 years (46.15% vs. 55.8%). The rates of clinical pregnancy differ considerably between the fresh cleavage stage embryo transfers and frozen-thawed cleavage stage embryo transfers in women <35 years of age (52.7% vs. 35.29%) and (41.24% vs. 11.32%) in women >35 years of age. No statistical significant difference was recorded for rates of multiple pregnancy, abortion and ectopic pregnancy between any of the treatment groups. Rates of clinical pregnancy in the frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer group showed the most pleasing clinical outcome among the fresh and frozen embryo transfers.
Lab 2: Uploading a Research Image
Image of a normal human 2-cell embryo with two equal blastomeres (B), a single polar body formation (PB) enclosed by an intact zona pellucida (ZP)[1]
Lab 3: Researching your Project Sub-Heading
Timeline
Current Research
Lab 4
1)
2) Vascular shunts in the fetal circulation
- ↑ <pubmed>24940417</pubmed>
During fetal development the liver and lungs are non-functional, thus a series of shunts exist in the fetal circulation so that these organs are by-passed.
- Shunt 1: Ductus Arteriosus= Connects the pulmonary artery to the proximal descending aorta to shunt most of the blood away from the lungs
- Shunt 2: Ductus Venosus= Shunts a portion of the left umbilical vein blood flow directly to the inferior vena cava
- Shunt 3: Foramen Ovale= Shunts highly oxygenated blood from right atrium to left atrium. Located in atrial septum.