Category:Carnegie Embryo 1656

From Embryology

This Embryology category shows pages and images that relate to the Carnegie Collection Embryo No. 1656. This embryo would be early fetal development Week 10 based upon the CRL 67 mm.



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Historic Embryology  
1940 Fetus Physiology
Carnegie Fetal: 95 | 96 | 142 | 145 | 184 | 211 | 217 | 300 | 362 | 448 | 449 | 538 | 590 | 607 | 625 | 662 | 693 | 847 | 858 | 922 | 928 | 948 | 972 | 1318 | 1388 | 1455 | 1591 | 1597b | 1656 | 1686 | 2250a | 2250b | 3990 | 5652 | 6581 | 7218


Carnegie Collection - Fetal  
Serial No. Size CRL (mm) Grade Fixative Embedding Medium Plane Thinness (µm) Stain Point Score Sex Year Notes
95 40 catalogued as CRL 40 but development suggests 50 stage. Spinal cord - Kunitomo (1920)[1] Colon - Lineback (1920)[2]
96 50 Brain venous sinuses - Streeter (1915)[3] Spinal cord - Kunitomo (1920)[1] Brain vascular - Streeter (1921)[4] Brain weight - Jenkins (1921)[5]
142 125 Spinal cord - Kunitomo (1920)[1]
145 33 Spinal cord - Kunitomo (1920)[1]
184 50 34 vertebrae, 31 spinal ganglia, Spinal cord - Kunitomo (1920)[1]
211 33 34 vertebra, 31 spinal ganglia, Spinal cord - Kunitomo (1920)[1]
217 45 Male Genital - Spaulding (1921)[6]
300 73 85 days, Bone ossification - Mall (1906)[7]
362 30 Spinal cord - Kunitomo (1920)[1]
448 52 Colon - Lineback (1920)[2]
449 36 Spinal cord - Kunitomo (1920)[1]
538
590 21 to 23 Male Genital - Spaulding (1921)[6]
607 37 Male Genital - Spaulding (1921)[6]
625 220 Temporomandibular joint - Moffatt (1957)[8]
662 80 Spinal cord - Kunitomo (1920)[1]
693 45 Male Genital - Spaulding (1921)[6]
847 58.8 Male Genital - Spaulding (1921)[6]
858 57.25 Temporomandibular joint - Moffatt (1957)[8]
922 37
928 120 Spinal cord - Kunitomo (1920)[1]
948 45 Male Genital - Spaulding (1921)[6]
972 37 34 vertebrae, 30 spinal ganglia, Spinal cord - Kunitomo (1920)[1]
1318 37 Temporomandibular joint - Moffatt (1957)[8]
1388 51 Female Genital - Spaulding (1921)[6]
1455 78.5 Temporomandibular joint - Moffatt (1957)[8]
1591 36 subcutaneous vascular plexus - Finley (1923)[9]
1656 67 34 vertebrae, Spinal cord - Kunitomo (1920)[1]
1686 40 Male Genital - Spaulding (1921)[6]
3990 49 Temporomandibular joint - Moffatt (1957)[8]
4473 43 20 Spinal cord meninges - Sensenig (1951)[10]
4475 48 20 Spinal cord meninges - Sensenig (1951)[10]
5652 49 Temporomandibular joint - Moffatt (1957)[8]
6581 75 Temporomandibular joint - Moffatt (1957)[8]
7218 80 20 um Spinal cord meninges - Sensenig (1951)[10]
1597b 47 Female Genital - Spaulding (1921)[6]
2250a 40 Female Genital - Spaulding (1921)[6]
2250b 36 Female Genital - Spaulding (1921)[6]
This table currently contains only has embryo number information.

Abbreviations

  • Size - E. is the greatest length of the embryo and Ch. is the mean diameter of the chorion.
  • Grade - total grade of the specimen and includes both its original quality and the condition of the mounted sections.
  • Embedding medium - paraffin (P) or a combination of celloidin and paraffin (C-P).
  • Fixative - formalin (Formol), alcohol and formalin (Alc, formol), Bouin (Bouin solution)
  • Stain -
  • ? - unknown or not determined.
References
  1. 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 Kunitomo K. The development and reduction of the tail and of the caudal end of the spinal cord (1920) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 272, 9: 163-198.
  2. 2.0 2.1 Lineback PE. Studies on the longitudinal muscle of the human colon, with special reference to the development of the taeniae. (1920) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 50
  3. Streeter GL. The development of the venous sinuses of the dura mater in the human embryo. (1915) Amer. J Anat.18: 145-178.
  4. Streeter GL. The developmental alterations in the vascular system of the brain of the human embryo. (1921) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. 8:7-38.
  5. Jenkins GB. Relative weight and volume of the component parts of the brain of the human embryo at different stages of development. (1921) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash., 59: 5-54.
  6. 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 Spaulding MH. The development of the external genitalia in the human embryo. (1921) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 81, 13: 69 – 88.
  7. Mall FP. On ossification centers in human embryos less than one hundred days old. (1906) Amer. J Anat. 5:433-458.
  8. 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 Moffatt BC. The prenatal development of the human temporomandibular joint. (1957) Carnegie Instn. Wash. Publ. 611, Contrib. Embryol., 36: .
  9. Finley EB. The development of the subcutaneous vascular plexus in the head of the human embryo. (1923) Contributions to Embryology Carnegie Institution No. 71: 155-161.
  10. 10.0 10.1 10.2 Sensenig EC. The early development of the meninges of the spinal cord in human embryos. (1951) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 611.
Fertilization and Gestational Age - Crown-Rump Length (ultrasound
Fertilization Age
(days)
Gestational Age
GA (week.day)
Crown-Rump
Length (mm)
37 5.2 1
38 5.3 2
39 5.4 3
40 55 3
41 5.6 4
42    Week 4 6 4
43 6.1 5
44 6.2 6
45 6.3 7
46 6.4 8
47 6.5 9
48 6.6 10
49    Week 5 7 11
50 7.1 11
51 7.2 12
52 7.3 12
53 7.4 13
54 7.5 14
55 7.6 15
56    Week 6 8 17
57 8.1 18
58 8.2 19
59 8.3 20
60 8.4 21
61 8.5 22
62 8.6 22
63    Week 7 9 23
64 9.1 24
65 9.2 26
66 9.3 27
67 9.4 28
68 9.5 29
69 9.6 31
70    Week 8 10 34
71 10.1 36
72 10.2 37
73 10.3 38
74 10.4 39
75 10.5 39
76 10.6 40
77    Week 9 11 44
78 11.1 45
79 11.2 47
80 11.3 48
81 11.4 52
82 11.5 55
83 11.6 56
84    Week 10 12 57
85 12.1 58
86 12.2 60
87 12.3 61
88 12.4 63
89 12.5 64
90 12.6 65
91    Week 11 13 68
92 13.1 70
93 13.2 72
94 13.3 74
95 113.4 76
96 135 77
97 13.6 80
98    Week 12 14 81
99 14.1 84
100 14.2 85
101 14.3 86
102 14.4 87
Reference: Table data measured by ultrasound, adapted from Westerway (2015) PDF and[1]
Links: ultrasound | Fetal Development


  • Spinal cord - Kunitomo (1920)[2]

References

  1. Westerway SC, Davison A & Cowell S. (2000). Ultrasonic fetal measurements: new Australian standards for the new millennium. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol , 40, 297-302. PMID: 11065037
  2. Kunitomo K. The development and reduction of the tail and of the caudal end of the spinal cord (1920) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 272, 9: 163-198.


Embryo No. 1656, 67 mm Crown-Rump Length

Kunitomo K. The development and reduction of the tail and of the caudal end of the spinal cord (1920) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 272, 9: 163-198.

There are 34 vertebrae in embryo No. 1656, the last being the smallest. At the thirty-first and thirty-second the vertebral column shows a ventral curve, the angle being sharper than in the younger specimens. The vertebrae are separated by embryonic tissue which is to develop at a later stage into intervertebral fibro-cartilage. This separation becomes progressively more marked above the thirtieth vertebra. Between the vertebrae which still lie close together is a small space where the chorda dorsalis coils as it emerges from the vertebral bodies in the median line. Several of these coils can be seen in figure 46, which is a profile reconstruction through the caudal end of the embryo. The blood-vessels enter the vertebral bodies from the ventral and dorsal side.

In the conus medullaris there are two medullary ventricles. The more cranially situated one is somewhat smaller tnan the other, measuring 0.55 by 0.25 by 0.33 mm. Its form, as seen in the sagittal plane, can be recognized in figure 46 {vent. t. cran.). The lower cavity is oblong in shape, measures 1.1 by 0.3 by 0.36 mm., and presents a canallike appendage 1.7 mm. in length, as seen in figure 46 {Append.). This appendage tapers to a point and continues as a cell-strand. Toward the caudal end of the strand, in the path of the filum terminale, are two small groups of cells which represent the remnants of the ependymal cells of the medullary tube (fig. 46, Ee. epend.).

The phenomenon of dedifferentiation at the caudal end of the spinal cord is well shown in this specimen. The appendage of the lower cavity was a complete ventriculus terminalis at the first stage; the main body of the cavity was a complete one at the second stage, and the upper cavity is the ventricidus terminalis at the present stage, thus showing a progressive upward trend. The gray substance which primarily existed around the ventriculus terminalis has now disappeared as the result of degeneration, and the caudal end of the central canal has gradually enlarged. The caudal end of the lower cavity, however, is becoming gradually narrow because the caudal portion of the conus medullaris, which contains the ventriculus terminalis, has also gradually become atrophied and lost its cellUke substances. The septum between the two cavities is a remnant of the gray substance of the spinal cord, in which the degeneration is not yet complete.

The filum terminale follows a downward course from the end of the conus medullaris and nerve-fibers can be recognized as far down as the caudal portion of the thirty-second vertebra. In the caudal region are found two cell-groups representing remnants of the neural tube; one, which lies between the thirty-second and thirty-third vertebrae, contains no lumen, and the epithelial cells are undergoing degeneration. The other is situated dorsally between the thirty-third and thirty-fourth vertebrae and incloses a small lumen.

The membranes of the spinal cord are more easily made out in this specimen than in the younger ones. The dura mater is separated from the periosteum of the vertebral bodies, especially at the ventral wall of the vertebral canal, by a dense plexus of blood vessels, connective -tissue, and small spaces. This separation occurs at a level between the twenty-seventh and twenty-eighth vertebrae, and the dura mater becomes adherent to the conus medullaris between the twenty-eighth and twenty-ninth vertebrae, following an oblique course from the periphery to the center of the vertebral canal. There is thus laid out the early form of the dura! sac. Outside of this .sac the fibers are .separated into tufts which run parallel and caudalward. In the space between the dural sac and the conus medullaris the arachnoid membrane can be seen developing. The pia mater envelops closely the spinal cord and supports the blood-vessels; between the twenty-fifth and twenty-eighth vertebra it is separated from the dura mater and the arachnoid by a still wider space.


Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, March 19) Embryology Carnegie Embryo 1656. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Category:Carnegie_Embryo_1656

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