Talk:Postnatal - Growth Charts: Difference between revisions
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It would seem obvious to say that development does not stop at birth. In fact many systems (cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, homeostasis) undergo significant changes at birth, and many others (neural) have not yet completed their development. | ==Original Page Text== | ||
One of the issues was that USA standards may reflect mainly "bottle fed" babies as apposed to "breast fed" babies and that growth may differ (breast fed slightly lower) which may be of no long-term consequence. There may also be additional nutritional/environmental confounders, such as the rising trend in childhood obesity, in some countries. It would seem obvious to say that development does not stop at birth. In fact many systems (cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, homeostasis) undergo significant changes at birth, and many others (neural) have not yet completed their development. | |||
Note this current project focuses on prenatal development, so postnatal content is not as detailed. | Note this current project focuses on prenatal development, so postnatal content is not as detailed. | ||
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Following childhood we have the early teenager, where hormonal changes trigger changes that lead to growth and reproductive maturation. | Following childhood we have the early teenager, where hormonal changes trigger changes that lead to growth and reproductive maturation. | ||
==2011== | |||
===Genetics of head circumference in infancy: A longitudinal study of Japanese twins=== | |||
Am J Hum Biol. 2011 May 31. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.21190. [Epub ahead of print] | |||
Silventoinen K, Karvonen M, Sugimoto M, Kaprio J, Dunkel L, Yokoyama Y. | |||
Source | |||
Population Research Unit, Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. karri.silventoinen@helsinki.fi. | |||
Abstract | |||
OBJECTIVES: | |||
Previous studies have shown strong genetic influence to head circumference (HC), but still little is known on the development of genetic etiology of HC in infancy, especially in non-Caucasian populations. Thus, we decided to analyze the genetics of HC growth in Japanese infants. | |||
METHODS: | |||
Longitudinal measures of HC were available from birth to 13 months of age in 206 monozygotic and 156 dizygotic complete twin pairs. Genetic modeling for twin data was used. | |||
RESULTS: | |||
We found only little evidence for sex-specific differences in the genetics of HC and thus analyzed boys and girls together. After 5 months of age the heritability of HC was high, but before that age also a substantial common environmental component was present. Not only strong genetic persistence for HC was found but also a new genetic variation emerged. New environmental variation shared by co-twins affecting HC was found until 3 months of age, and this effect was further transmitted until 1 year of age. | |||
CONCLUSIONS: | |||
HC and its growth are strongly genetically regulated. Largely, the same genetic factors affect the variation of HC at different ages, and new genetic variation emerged during the first year of life. Knowledge on the genetic component in the variation of HC may help to design tools for defining abnormal growth of HC in population-based screenings for related disorders. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc. | |||
Copyright © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc. | |||
PMID: 21630369 | |||
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21630369 | |||
Revision as of 11:27, 5 June 2011
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, May 7) Embryology Postnatal - Growth Charts. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Talk:Postnatal_-_Growth_Charts |
Original Page Text
One of the issues was that USA standards may reflect mainly "bottle fed" babies as apposed to "breast fed" babies and that growth may differ (breast fed slightly lower) which may be of no long-term consequence. There may also be additional nutritional/environmental confounders, such as the rising trend in childhood obesity, in some countries. It would seem obvious to say that development does not stop at birth. In fact many systems (cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, homeostasis) undergo significant changes at birth, and many others (neural) have not yet completed their development.
Note this current project focuses on prenatal development, so postnatal content is not as detailed.
This section of notes covers issues related to early childhood and development. It is sometimes easy to forget the many health issues that affect childhood development around the world. There are many links to external resources that relate to the many issues of this period of development.
Following childhood we have the early teenager, where hormonal changes trigger changes that lead to growth and reproductive maturation.
2011
Genetics of head circumference in infancy: A longitudinal study of Japanese twins
Am J Hum Biol. 2011 May 31. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.21190. [Epub ahead of print]
Silventoinen K, Karvonen M, Sugimoto M, Kaprio J, Dunkel L, Yokoyama Y. Source Population Research Unit, Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. karri.silventoinen@helsinki.fi.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Previous studies have shown strong genetic influence to head circumference (HC), but still little is known on the development of genetic etiology of HC in infancy, especially in non-Caucasian populations. Thus, we decided to analyze the genetics of HC growth in Japanese infants. METHODS: Longitudinal measures of HC were available from birth to 13 months of age in 206 monozygotic and 156 dizygotic complete twin pairs. Genetic modeling for twin data was used. RESULTS: We found only little evidence for sex-specific differences in the genetics of HC and thus analyzed boys and girls together. After 5 months of age the heritability of HC was high, but before that age also a substantial common environmental component was present. Not only strong genetic persistence for HC was found but also a new genetic variation emerged. New environmental variation shared by co-twins affecting HC was found until 3 months of age, and this effect was further transmitted until 1 year of age. CONCLUSIONS: HC and its growth are strongly genetically regulated. Largely, the same genetic factors affect the variation of HC at different ages, and new genetic variation emerged during the first year of life. Knowledge on the genetic component in the variation of HC may help to design tools for defining abnormal growth of HC in population-based screenings for related disorders. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Copyright © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
PMID: 21630369 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21630369
