Talk:Abnormal Development - Rubella Virus
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, April 27) Embryology Abnormal Development - Rubella Virus. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Talk:Abnormal_Development_-_Rubella_Virus |
2010
Congenital rubella syndrome and delayed manifestations
Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2010 Sep;74(9):1067-70. Epub 2010 Jul 8.
Dammeyer J. Source Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. jesper.dammeyer@psy.ku.dk
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Several hypotheses of different medical and psychological delayed manifestations among people who have congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) have been discussed. This study tests some of these hypotheses of delayed manifestations.
METHODS: Gathering information about 35 individuals who have CRS and who are congenitally deafblind.
RESULTS: None of the hypotheses could be confirmed when individuals with CRS were compared to a control group of individuals who were congenital deafblind with different aetiology than CRS.
CONCLUSIONS: This study concludes that those health related problems which people with CRS face must primarily be understood in relation to congenital deafblindness and dual sensory and communicative deprivation.
Copyright 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
PMID: 20619470 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20619470
Three-dimensional structure of Rubella virus factories
Virology. 2010 Sep 30;405(2):579-91. Epub 2010 Jul 23.
Fontana J, López-Iglesias C, Tzeng WP, Frey TK, Fernández JJ, Risco C. Cell Structure Lab, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Darwin, Madrid, Spain.
Abstract Viral factories are complex structures in the infected cell where viruses compartmentalize their life cycle. Rubella virus (RUBV) assembles factories by recruitment of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), mitochondria and Golgi around modified lysosomes known as cytopathic vacuoles or CPVs. These organelles contain active replication complexes that transfer replicated RNA to assembly sites in Golgi membranes. We have studied the structure of RUBV factory in three dimensions by electron tomography and freeze-fracture. CPVs contain stacked membranes, rigid sheets, small vesicles and large vacuoles. These membranes are interconnected and in communication with the endocytic pathway since they incorporate endocytosed BSA-gold. RER and CPVs are coupled through protein bridges and closely apposed membranes. Golgi vesicles attach to the CPVs but no tight contacts with mitochondria were detected. Immunogold labelling confirmed that the mitochondrial protein p32 is an abundant component around and inside CPVs where it could play important roles in factory activities.
Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
PMID: 20655079
Congenital rubella syndrome and rubella in Vellore, South India
Epidemiol Infect. 2010 Jul 20:1-5. [Epub ahead of print]
Chandy S, Abraham AM, Jana AK, Agarwal I, Kekre A, Korula G, Selvaraj K, Muliyil JP. Department of Clinical Virology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India.
Abstract
Rubella, a mild, vaccine-preventable disease, can manifest as congenital rubella syndrome (CRS), a devastating disease of the fetus. To emphasize the inadequacy of the existing rubella vaccination programme in India, we evaluated epidemiological evidence of rubella virus activity with data available from a tertiary-care centre. The proportion of suspected CRS cases that were laboratory confirmed increased from 4% in 2000 to 11% in 2008. During the same period, 329 clinically suspected postnatal rubella cases were tested of which 65 (20%) were laboratory confirmed. Of women (n=770) of childbearing age, 12.5% were susceptible to rubella.
PMID: 20642875 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20642875
Controlling rubella and preventing congenital rubella syndrome – global progress, 2009
Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2010 Oct 15;85(42):413-8.
[Article in English, French] [No authors listed]
"In 2000, WHO published its first position paper on rubella vaccine to guide the introduction of rubella-containing vaccines (RCVs) into national childhood immuni- zation schedules.1 As of December 2009, a total of 130 countries have introduced RCVs, a 57% increase from 83 countries in 1996. In addition, goals to eliminate rubella and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) by 2010 have been established in the WHO Region of the Americas and by 2015 in the the European Region; the Western Pacific Region has established 2015 as a goal for accelerating rubella control and reducing CRS incidence to <10 cases/million live births. In 2009, a total of 121 344 rubella cases was reported from 167 countries, a 82% decrease from 2000 when 670 894 cases were reported from 102 countries. This report summarizes global data on cases of rubella and CRS and the prog- ress that has been made towards introducing and using RCVs worldwide."
PMID: 20949700 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20949700
http://www.who.int/wer/2010/wer8542.pdf
2008
Vaccine preventable diseases and vaccination coverage in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, Australia 2003 to 2006
Commun Dis Intell. 2008 Jun;32 Suppl:S2-67.
Menzies R, Turnour C, Chiu C, McIntyre P. Source National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Australia.
Abstract
This, the second report on vaccine preventable diseases and vaccination coverage in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, brings together the relevant sources of routinely collected data on vaccine preventable diseases--notifications, hospitalisations, deaths, and childhood and adult vaccination coverage. As a result of continued improvements in the collection of data on Indigenous status, this second report is considerably more comprehensive, with data available from more jurisdictions, and more detailed presentation, including time trends and vaccination coverage by jurisdiction. Vaccination coverage data provide evidence of successful program delivery and highlight some areas for improvement. For universally funded vaccines in children, coverage is similar in Indigenous and non-Indigenous children by 24 months of age. However, delayed vaccination is more common in Indigenous children, with 6%-8% fewer children fully vaccinated at 12 months of age. More timely vaccination, particularly within the first six months of life, is particularly important in reducing the disproportionate burdens of disease due to pertussis and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). For vaccination programs targeted specifically at Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children and adults, coverage is substantially lower than for those programs targeted at all Australians. This is true for hepatitis A and polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine for children, and influenza and polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine for adults. Targeted vaccination programs present a particular challenge for health services in urban areas. Nevertheless, the impact of vaccination programs in preventing disease and reducing the disparity of disease burden between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and non-Indigenous people has been substantial. This is evident in data on notifications, hospitalisations and deaths. Diseases which, in the past, have had devastating and often disproportionately high impact on Indigenous people, such as diphtheria, measles, poliomyelitis, smallpox and tetanus, are now completely or almost completely absent from Australia. Hepatitis B infection, another disease responsible for high levels of infection and substantial serious illness and death in the pre-vaccine era, is also now well controlled in age groups eligible for vaccination. Although invasive Hib disease is now rare in Australia since the introduction of vaccination in 1993, higher rates of disease persist in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children. More research is needed into the contribution of environmental factors, delayed vaccination and vaccine failure to this continued disparity. Hepatitis A has disproportionately affected Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children in the past. Vaccination programs in north Queensland and in various other countries have been very successful in reducing the burden of hepatitis A. It is too early to assess the impact of the vaccination program for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children that commenced in regions outside north Queensland in November 2005. For some other diseases the situation is more complicated. The substantial impact of the national meningococcal C vaccination program since 2003 is evident in this report, although the higher proportion of non-vaccine preventable serotype B disease in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people underlines the need for a new vaccine to cover this serotype. Pneumonia remains the most important communicable disease contributor to premature mortality in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people of all ages. In young Indigenous adults, the eightfold higher rate of hospitalisation compared with their non-Indigenous peers, and the 11-fold higher rate of invasive pneumococcal disease, suggest the need for more widespread use of influenza and pneumococcal vaccines in this age group. Current coverage for Indigenous 15-49 year olds, where influenza and pneumococcal vaccines are funded only for those with risk factors, is low even though some 70% of this age group have one or more risk factors. Overall, the data presented in this report provide powerful evidence for the impact of vaccines in reducing disease in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, and also point to areas for further improvement. Immunisation programs are an example of how preventive health programs in general can be enhanced to close the gap in morbidity and mortality between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians.
PMID: 18711998 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18711998
Related Links
HSTAT Archive Collection [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US); 1977-2002. (This publication is provided for historical reference only and the information may be out of date or incorrect.) Rubella
