Introduction
The "two layered" embryo, used to describe the inner cell mass differentiating to form an initial two layered structure (epiblast and hypoblast). In human development, this occurs during the second week (GA week 4). The epiblast layer will then form the majority of the embryo.
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Some Recent Findings
Male urogenital development (stage 22)
- Expression analysis identifies cascades of activation and repression and maps a putative regulator of mammalian sex determination[1] "In vertebrates, primary sex determination refers to the decision within a bipotential organ precursor to differentiate as a testis or ovary. Bifurcation of organ fate begins between embryonic day (E) 11.0-E12.0 in mice and likely involves a dynamic transcription network that is poorly understood. ...We provide strong evidence that Lmo4 (Lim-domain only 4) is a novel regulator of sex determination upstream of SF1 (Nr5a1), Sox9, Fgf9, and Col9a3. This approach can be readily applied to identify regulatory interactions in other systems."
- Male reproductive tract abnormalities: More common after assisted reproduction?[2] "IVF and ICSI, by increasing the risks of prematurity, low birthweight, and multiple gestation, are indirect risk factors for developing male genital malformations. In infants with normal birhtweight or from singleton pregnancies, ICSI is a specific risk factor for hypospadias."
- Temporal and spatial dissection of Shh signaling in genital tubercle development.[3] "Genital tubercle (GT) initiation and outgrowth involve coordinated morphogenesis of surface ectoderm, cloacal mesoderm and hindgut endoderm. GT development appears to mirror that of the limb. Although Shh is essential for the development of both appendages, its role in GT development is much less clear than in the limb. Here, by removing Shh at different stages during GT development in mice, we demonstrate a continuous requirement for Shh in GT initiation and subsequent androgen-independent GT growth."
- Bmp7 expression and null phenotype in the urogenital system suggest a role in re-organization of the urethral epithelium. [4] "Signaling by Bone morphogenetic proteins (Bmps) has multiple and diverse roles in patterning and morphogenesis of the kidney, eye, limbs and the neural tube. ...Together, our analysis of Bmp7 expression and the null phenotype, indicates that Bmp7 may play an important role in re-organization of the epithelium during cloacal septation and morphogenesis of the genital tubercle."
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Search term: Bilaminar Embryo
<pubmed limit=5>Bilaminar embryo</pubmed>
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<pubmed limit=5>Hypoblast</pubmed>
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References
- ↑ <pubmed>23874228 </pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>20674196</pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>19906863</pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>19159697</pubmed>
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June 2010 "bilaminar embryo" All (67) Review (5) Free Full Text (11)
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, April 27) Embryology Bilaminar embryo. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Bilaminar_embryo
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- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G