Talk:X-ray
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, June 20) Embryology X-ray. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Talk:X-ray |
2010
Radiodiagnostic imaging in pregnancy and the risk of childhood malignancy: raising the bar
PLoS Med. 2010 Sep 7;7(9):e1000338.
Franco EL, Turgeon GA. Source Division of Cancer Epidemiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. eduardo.franco@mcgill.ca Abstract Eduardo Franco and Guy-Anne Turgeon discuss new findings from Joel Ray and colleagues on the cancer risk following prenatal exposure to radiodiagnostic imaging, and where new research needs to be focused.
Comment on PLoS Med. 2010 Sep;7(9):e1000337. PMID 20838652
2008
Are pre- or postnatal diagnostic X-rays a risk factor for childhood cancer? A systematic review
Radiat Environ Biophys. 2008 Jul;47(3):301-12. Epub 2008 Jun 5.
Schulze-Rath R, Hammer GP, Blettner M. Source Institute for Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Johannes-Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55109, Mainz, Germany. schulzerath@imbei.uni-mainz.de
Abstract
The risk of cancer after diagnostic X-rays received as fetus or during early childhood has been investigated in many studies. The results of recent epidemiological studies are summarized in a present systematic review. The strategies for literature search, inclusion criteria, and items for study quality assessment were defined in the study protocol. All epidemiological case control and cohort studies published in English between 1990 and 2006 that reported at least the size of the study population and risk estimates were included. Results were summarized separately for pre- and postnatal exposure and for each cancer site. Nineteen case control studies and six cohort studies matched the inclusion criteria. No association of leukemia with prenatal exposures was observed in nine case control studies. Heterogeneous results were found for postnatal exposures and leukemia in four studies. No significant effect of pre- and postnatal X-ray exposure was observed for other cancer sites (non-Hodgkin lymphomas, solid tumors and brain tumors). Most studies have limitations in study design, study size, or exposure measurement, and involve very low exposures. These results thus do not contradict previous evidence accumulated since 1956 indicating risk increases associated with prenatal X-ray exposure. Computed tomography is not covered in the studies and needs to be investigated in the future.
Comment in Radiat Environ Biophys. 2009 Apr;48(2):237-9; author reply 241.
PMID 18528700
2005
Maternal effects and cancer risk in the progeny of mice exposed to X-rays before conception
Exp Toxicol Pathol. 2005 Apr;56(6):351-60.
Dasenbrock C, Tillmann T, Ernst H, Behnke W, Kellner R, Hagemann G, Kaever V, Kohler M, Rittinghausen S, Mohr U, Tomatis L. Source Fraunhofer-Institut für Toxikologie und Experimentelle Medizin, Nikolai-Fuchs-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
Abstract
To investigate in an animal model whether preconceptual X-ray exposure leads to an altered tumor rate and spectrum in the offspring, a transgeneration carcinogenesis study was carried out. Female mice received X-ray irradiation (2 x 2 Gray) 2 weeks prior to mating with untreated males. After weaning, half of the descendants were exposed for 6 months to the immunomodulating and tumor-promoting compound cyclosporine A (CsA) by diet, the others remained untreated. The animals were maintained for their entire lifespan, terminal sacrifices were carried out after 28 months. Complete autopsy was performed, and three protocol organs (lung, liver and spleen) were examined histologically, together with any suspicious lesions in other organs. Fertility and the lifetime of the maternal mice were reduced by the X-ray irradiation, and their incidence of lung and liver tumors was increased as compared to non-irradiated mice. The descendants of all groups revealed comparable body weights and mortality rates. The incidence of hematopoietic/lymphoreticular tissue tumors increased in the female hybrids by 6 months of CsA-treatment. A higher incidence of lung and liver tumors in the sham-treated male progeny of irradiated mothers was detected, pointing to a possible germ cell-transmitted alteration initiated by the preconceptual maternal X-ray exposure.
PMID 15945274
