Embryology History
Introduction
Long Ago
- Arabian Medicine
- Mediaeval Science in the West
- The Great Anatomists
- The coming of Harvey |
- Leeuwenhoek Discovers Bacteria
- Medicine in the 16th and 17th Century
- 17th and 18th Century Anatomies
- Philosopher-Scientists and new Institutions
- 18th Century Anatomy and Physiology Part 1 | 18th Century Anatomy and Physiology Part 2 | 18th Century Anatomy and Physiology Part 3
- 18th Century Medicine
19th Century
- 19th Century Anatomy and Physiology Part 1 | 19th Century Anatomy and Physiology Part 2 | 19th Century Anatomy and Physiology Part 3
- Theories Of Evolution Part 1 | Theories Of Evolution Part 2
- 19th Century Medicine Part 1 | 19th Century Medicine Part 2
- Brain and Mind | Brain Structure
1880 - image excerpts from a historic study of German embryologist Wilhelm His (1831-1904) Anatomie menschlicher Embryonen (1880).
Leydig cells named after german zoologist Franz von Leydig (1821 - 1908). (Franz von Leydig)
Evolution Theories | Evolution Darwin
1824 - Rolando cut chemically hardened (fixed) pieces of brain tissues into thin sections for microscopical examination
1889 - Camille Golgi discovered a method of silver staining hardened brain tissues
Early 20th Century
1914 - image excerpts from a historic study of The Anatomy of a 17.8 mm Human Embryo by Thyng, FW 1914
1917 - "On Growth and Form" D’Arcy Wentworth Thompson (1860-1948) publishes this book on the application of mathematics to growth in nature.
1918 - links to images from the historic textbook Anatomy of the Human Body by Henry Gray
1935 - Embryology History - Hans Spemann Nobel Prize in Medicine.
Development in the early 20th century can also be seen in some Historic Movies 1920-1960.
Late 20th Century
Much of the modern history of Medicine/Embryology is documented in the Nobel Prizes for Medicine. There are either text extracts included or links to external texts or references in these notes. Some key women in development Virginia Apgar and Nicole Le Douarin.
1951 - Dr Viktor Hamburger and H L Hamilton publish "A series of normal stages in the development of the chick embryo."
1953 - Apgar test - historic neonatal test designed by Dr Virginia Apgar.
1965 - Neural Crest Research Nicole Le Douarin.
1978 - First IVF baby born
1996 - "Dolly the sheep" First adult somatic cell cloning using the process of nuclear transfer.
Nobel Prizes
Much of the modern history of Medicine/Embryology is documented in the Nobel Prizes for Medicine. Remember that these award dates reflect findings that have proven to be scientific key breakthroughs from earlier dates.
21st Century
2000 - Human Genome Complete
2001 talk given by Robert Winston "Engineering Reproduction: Will We Still Be Human At The End of the 21st Century".
Nobel Prizes
Much of the modern history of Medicine/Embryology is documented in the Nobel Prizes for Medicine. Remember that these award dates reflect findings that have proven to be scientific key breakthroughs from earlier dates.
- 2002 cell cycle
- 2002 cell death
- 2007 embryonic stem cells
2009 - Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) Stem Cells Embryology Blog 2009
Also see other History of Medicine Resources, particularly Dr. Ian Carr's brief paper on The History of Childbirth, and Neonatology on the Web has a long list of historic Classic Papers in Neonatal Medicine.
People in Embryology History
Embryology Textbooks
Most Textbooks include Embryology Historic issues in the preface, opening chapter or within each chapter as a special section or highlighted text box. Therefore no specific chapter or page reference is shown for the texts below.
- Human Embryology (2nd ed.) Larson
- The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology (6th ed.) Moore and Persaud
- Before we Are Born (5th ed.) Moore and Persaud
- Essentials of Human Embryology Larson
- Fitzgerald
History of Science
Book - A History of Science by Henry Smith Williams
Nobel awards in Medicine
- The Nobel Prize Homepage has a searchable database and an annual table of awards.
- The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2002 - discoveries concerning 'genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death' Summary: "The human body consists of hundreds of cell types, all originating from the fertilized egg. During the embryonic and foetal periods, the number of cells increase dramatically. The cells mature and become specialized to form the various tissues and organs of the body. Large numbers of cells are formed also in the adult body. In parallel with this generation of new cells, cell death is a normal process, both in the foetus and adult, to maintain the appropriate number of cells in the tissues. This delicate, controlled elimination of cells is called programmed cell death."
- The discovery of Hox genes and other genes related to body pattern formation. The fly Antennapedia mutant during development the embryo incorrectly positions two legs (pedia) where antenna should have been positioned. The discovery of this mutant in opened up the field of developmental genes and this field has recently (1995) been rewarded with a Nobel prize in Medicine. See also [../OtherEmb/Fly.htm#antennapedia Fly Development notes]
- Award Details: "for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development"
- LEWIS, EDWARD B., U.S.A., California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, U.S.A., * 1918
- NÜSSLEIN-VOLHARD, CHRISTIANE, Germany, Max-Planck-Institut für Entwicklungsbiologie, Tübingen, Germany, * 1942
- WIESCHAUS, ERIC F., U.S.A., Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, U.S.A., * 1947
References
- A HISTORY OF SCIENCE by Henry Smith Williams
- THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES by Charles Darwin
- Anatomy of the Human Body by Henry Gray
Articles
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Search Pubmed
August 2010 "Embryology history" All (5271) Review (756) Free Full Text (799)
Search Pubmed: Embryology history
External Links
- Hippocrates on the Web
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Manitoba. Histories of Medicine on the web by Manitoba Authors | DYING TO HAVE A BABY - THE HISTORY OF CHILDBIRTH by Dr. Ian Carr, Professor of Pathology
- Hannah Chair, History of Medicine, Queen's University
- Karolinska Institute- History of Biomedicine
- MEDICAL HISTORY ON THE INTERNET
- Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine
- WWW Virtual Library - History of Medicine
- Antique Medical Instruments- Vanderbilt University Medical Center.
- Online Microscopes
- Neonatology on the Web | Classic Papers in Neonatal Medicine- (A large list of historic texts available online) | An Essay upon Nursing and the Management of Children, from their Birth to Three Years of Age, Third Edition, by William Cadogan, 1749.
Glossary Links
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, June 17) Embryology Embryology History. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Embryology_History
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G