Talk:Neural - Cerebrum Development

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On this website the Discussion Tab or "talk pages" for a topic has been used for several purposes: References - recent and historic that relates to the topic Additional topic information - currently prepared in draft format Links - to related webpages Topic page - an edit history as used on other Wiki sites Lecture/Practical - student feedback Student Projects - online project discussions. Links: Pubmed Most Recent \| Reference Tutorial \| Journal Searches Contents 1 Glossary Links 2 2011 2.1 Local tissue growth patterns underlying normal fetal human brain gyrification quantified in utero 3 2010 3.1 Diffusion tensor imaging of the cortical plate and subplate in very-low-birth-weight infants 3.2 Prox1 is required for granule cell maturation and intermediate progenitor maintenance during brain neurogenesis 3.3 Abnormal development of the cerebral cortex and cerebellum in the setting of lamin B2 deficiency 3.4 Repression of Fgf signaling by sprouty1-2 regulates cortical patterning in two distinct regions and times 4 2009 4.1 Correlation of diffusion tensor imaging with histology in the developing human frontal cerebrum Glossary Links Glossary: A \| B \| C \| D \| E \| F \| G \| H \| I \| J \| K \| L \| M \| N \| O \| P \| Q \| R \| S \| T \| U \| V \| W \| X \| Y \| Z \| Numbers \| Symbols \| Term Link Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2026, October 5) Embryology Neural - Cerebrum Development. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Talk:Neural_-_Cerebrum_Development

2011

Local tissue growth patterns underlying normal fetal human brain gyrification quantified in utero

J Neurosci. 2011 Feb 23;31(8):2878-87.

Rajagopalan V, Scott J, Habas PA, Kim K, Corbett-Detig J, Rousseau F, Barkovich AJ, Glenn OA, Studholme C. Source Biomedical Image Computing Group, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0628, USA. vidya.rajagopalan@ucsf.edu

Abstract

Existing knowledge of growth patterns in the living fetal human brain is based upon in utero imaging studies by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound, which describe overall growth and provide mainly qualitative findings. However, formation of the complex folded cortical structure of the adult brain requires, in part, differential rates of regional tissue growth. To better understand these local tissue growth patterns, we applied recent advances in fetal MRI motion correction and computational image analysis techniques to 40 normal fetal human brains covering a period of primary sulcal formation (20-28 gestational weeks). Growth patterns were mapped by quantifying tissue locations that were expanding more or less quickly than the overall cerebral growth rate, which reveal increasing structural complexity. We detected increased local relative growth rates in the formation of the precentral and postcentral gyri, right superior temporal gyrus, and opercula, which differentiated between the constant growth rate in underlying cerebral mantle and the accelerating rate in the cortical plate undergoing folding. Analysis focused on the cortical plate revealed greater volume increases in parietal and occipital regions compared to the frontal lobe. Cortical plate growth patterns constrained to narrower age ranges showed that gyrification, reflected by greater growth rates, was more pronounced after 24 gestational weeks. Local hemispheric volume asymmetry was located in the posterior peri-Sylvian area associated with structural lateralization in the mature brain. These maps of fetal brain growth patterns construct a spatially specific baseline of developmental biomarkers with which to correlate abnormal development in the human.

PMID 21414909

2010

Diffusion tensor imaging of the cortical plate and subplate in very-low-birth-weight infants

Pediatr Radiol. 2010 Aug;40(8):1397-404. Epub 2010 Mar 27.

Dudink J, Buijs J, Govaert P, van Zwol AL, Conneman N, van Goudoever JB, Lequin M.

Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. j.dudink@erasmusmc.nl Abstract BACKGROUND: Many intervention studies in preterm infants aim to improve neurodevelopmental outcome, but short-term proxy outcome measurements are lacking. Cortical plate and subplate development could be such a marker.

OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to provide normal DTI reference values for the cortical plate and subplate of preterm infants.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: As part of an ongoing study we analysed diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) images of 19 preterm infants without evidence of injury on conventional MRI, with normal outcome (Bayley-II assessed at age 2), and scanned in the first 4 days of life. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in the frontal and temporal subplate and cortical plate were measured in single and multiple voxel regions of interest (ROI) placed on predefined regions.

RESULTS: Using single-voxel ROIs, statistically significant inverse correlation was found between gestational age (GA) and FA of the frontal (r = -0.5938, P = 0.0058) and temporal (r = -0.4912, P = 0.0327) cortical plate. ADC values had a significant positive correlation with GA in the frontal (r = 0.5427, P = 0.0164) and temporal (r = 0.5540, P = 0.0138) subplate.

CONCLUSION: Diffusion tensor imaging allows in vivo exploration of the evolving cortical plate and subplate. We provide FA and ADC values of the subplate and cortical plate in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants with normal developmental outcome that can be used as reference values.

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.

PMID: 20349230 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20349230

Prox1 is required for granule cell maturation and intermediate progenitor maintenance during brain neurogenesis

PLoS Biol. 2010 Aug 17;8(8). pii: e1000460.

Lavado A, Lagutin OV, Chow LM, Baker SJ, Oliver G.

Department of Genetics & Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America. Abstract The dentate gyrus has an important role in learning and memory, and adult neurogenesis in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus may play a role in the acquisition of new memories. The homeobox gene Prox1 is expressed in the dentate gyrus during embryonic development and adult neurogenesis. Here we show that Prox1 is necessary for the maturation of granule cells in the dentate gyrus during development and for the maintenance of intermediate progenitors during adult neurogenesis. We also demonstrate that Prox1-expressing intermediate progenitors are required for adult neural stem cell self-maintenance in the subgranular zone; thus, we have identified a previously unknown non-cell autonomous regulatory feedback mechanism that controls adult neurogenesis in this region of the mammalian brain. Finally, we show that the ectopic expression of Prox1 induces premature differentiation of neural stem cells.

PMID: 20808958

Abnormal development of the cerebral cortex and cerebellum in the setting of lamin B2 deficiency

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Mar 16;107(11):5076-81. Epub 2010 Feb 9.

Coffinier C, Chang SY, Nobumori C, Tu Y, Farber EA, Toth JI, Fong LG, Young SG.

Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. coffinie@ucla.edu Comment in:

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Apr 6;107(14):6121-2. Abstract Nuclear lamins are components of the nuclear lamina, a structural scaffolding for the cell nucleus. Defects in lamins A and C cause an array of human diseases, including muscular dystrophy, lipodystrophy, and progeria, but no diseases have been linked to the loss of lamins B1 or B2. To explore the functional relevance of lamin B2, we generated lamin B2-deficient mice and found that they have severe brain abnormalities resembling lissencephaly, with abnormal layering of neurons in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum. This neuronal layering abnormality is due to defective neuronal migration, a process that is dependent on the organized movement of the nucleus within the cell. These studies establish an essential function for lamin B2 in neuronal migration and brain development.

PMID: 20145110

Repression of Fgf signaling by sprouty1-2 regulates cortical patterning in two distinct regions and times

J Neurosci. 2010 Mar 17;30(11):4015-23.

Faedo A, Borello U, Rubenstein JL.

Nina Ireland Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158-2611, USA. andrea.faedo@ucsf.edu Abstract A fundamental question in developmental biology is how signaling pathways establish a transcription factor code that controls cell proliferation, regional fate and cell fate. Morphogenesis of the rostral telencephalon is controlled in part by Fgf signaling from the rostral patterning center. How Fgf signaling is regulated in the telencephalon is critical for understanding cerebral cortex formation. Here we show that mouse Sprouty1 and Sprouty2 (Spry1-2), which encode negative feedback regulators of Fgf signaling, are affecting cortical proliferation, differentiation, and the expression of genes regulating progenitor identity in the ventricular zone. In addition, Spry2 has a later function in regulating the MAPK pathway, proliferation, and gene expression in the cortex at mid-neurogenesis. Finally, we provide evidence that Coup-TFI, a transcription factor that promotes caudal fate, does so through repressing Fgf signaling, in part by promoting Spry expression.

PMID: 20237272

2009

Correlation of diffusion tensor imaging with histology in the developing human frontal cerebrum

Dev Neurosci. 2009;31(6):487-96. Epub 2009 Jul 20.

Trivedi R, Husain N, Rathore RK, Saksena S, Srivastava S, Malik GK, Das V, Pradhan M, Pandey CM, Gupta RK.

Department of Radiodiagnosis, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India. Abstract Transient early cerebral laminar organization resulting from normal developmental events has been revealed in human beings through histology and imaging studies. DTI studies have postulated that the fractional anisotropy (FA)-based differentiation of different laminar structures reflects both differing cellular density over the glial fibers and fiber alignment in respective regions. The aim of this study was to correlate FA values in these transient zones with histology. Brain DTI was performed on 50 freshly aborted human fetuses with gestational ages (GA) ranging from 12 to 42 weeks. Regions of interest were placed on the cortical plate, subplate, intermediate and germinal matrix (GMx) zones of the frontal lobe to quantify FA values. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neurofilament (NF) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) immunohistochemical analyses were performed for the cortical plate, intermediate zone and GMx. In the cortical plate, a significant positive correlation was observed between FA values and percentage area of GFAP expression in fetuses <or=28 weeks of GA (r = 0.56, p = 0.01). FA values showed a significant positive correlation with the percentage area of NF expression in the intermediate zone (r = 0.54, p = 0.05). A significant positive correlation was also observed between FA and the number of NSE-positive cells per mm(2) in the GMx (r = 0.76, p < 0.01) and subplate (r = 0.59, p = 0.03) zones. The results of our study suggest that the FA can be used as noninvasive marker of neurodevelopmental events in the frontal lobe of human fetal brain.