Morula: Difference between revisions
Line 19: | Line 19: | ||
|-bgcolor="F5FAFF" | |-bgcolor="F5FAFF" | ||
| | | | ||
* '''Functional genomics of 5- to 8-cell stage human embryos by blastomere single-cell cDNA analysis'''<ref name=" | * '''Functional genomics of 5- to 8-cell stage human embryos by blastomere single-cell cDNA analysis'''<ref name="PMID21049019">Galán A, Montaner D, Póo ME, Valbuena D, Ruiz V, Aguilar C, Dopazo J, Simón C. '''Functional genomics of 5- to 8-cell stage human embryos by blastomere single-cell cDNA analysis.''' PLoS One. 2010 Oct 26;5(10):e13615. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21049019 PMID21049019] | [http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0013615 PLoS One.]</ref> "Forty-nine blastomeres from 5- to 8-cell human embryos have been investigated following an efficient single-cell cDNA amplification protocol to provide a template for high-density microarray analysis. The previously described markers, characteristic of Inner Cell Mass (ICM) (n = 120), stemness (n = 190) and Trophectoderm (TE) (n = 45), were analyzed, and a housekeeping pattern of 46 genes was established. ...In summary, the global single-cell cDNA amplification microarray analysis of the 5- to 8-cell stage human embryos reveals that blastomere fate is not committed to ICM or TE. | ||
* '''Non-invasive imaging of human embryos before embryonic genome activation predicts development to the blastocyst stage'''<ref name="PMID20890283"><pubmed>20890283</pubmed>| [http://www.nature.com/nbt/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nbt.1686.html Nat Biotechnol.]</ref> "We report studies of preimplantation human embryo development that correlate time-lapse image analysis and gene expression profiling. By examining a large set of zygotes from in vitro fertilization (IVF), we find that success in progression to the blastocyst stage can be predicted with >93% sensitivity and specificity by measuring three dynamic, noninvasive imaging parameters by day 2 after fertilization, before embryonic genome activation (EGA)." | * '''Non-invasive imaging of human embryos before embryonic genome activation predicts development to the blastocyst stage'''<ref name="PMID20890283"><pubmed>20890283</pubmed>| [http://www.nature.com/nbt/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nbt.1686.html Nat Biotechnol.]</ref> "We report studies of preimplantation human embryo development that correlate time-lapse image analysis and gene expression profiling. By examining a large set of zygotes from in vitro fertilization (IVF), we find that success in progression to the blastocyst stage can be predicted with >93% sensitivity and specificity by measuring three dynamic, noninvasive imaging parameters by day 2 after fertilization, before embryonic genome activation (EGA)." |
Revision as of 12:05, 10 November 2010
Introduction
![](/embryology/images/thumb/b/bc/Human_embryo_day_2.jpg/300px-Human_embryo_day_2.jpg)
(Latin, morula = mulberry) An early stage in post-fertilization development when cells have rapidly mitotically divided to produce a solid mass of cells (12-15 cells) with a "mulberry" appearance. This stage is followed by formation of a cavity in this cellular mass blastocyst stage.
A key event prior to morula formation is "compaction", where the 8 cell embryo undergoes changes in cell morphology and cell-cell adhesion that initiates the formation of this solid ball of cells.
In humans, morula stage of development occurs during the first days of the first week following fertilization. This developmental stage is followed by formation of a cavity, the blastocoel, which defines formation of the blastocyst.
- Links: Fertilization | Week 1 | Morula | Blastocyst
Some Recent Findings
![](/embryology/images/thumb/6/67/Human_embryo_day_3.jpg/300px-Human_embryo_day_3.jpg)
|
Compaction
- E-cadherin mediated adhesion initiates at compaction at the 8-cell stage
- regulated post-translationally via protein kinase C and other signalling molecules
Model Human Morula Development
The following figure is from a recent study[3] using video and genetic analysis of in vitro human development during week 1 following fertilization.
- EGA - embryonic genome activation
- ESSP - embryonic stage–specific pattern, four unique embryonic stage–specific patterns (1-4)
- Links: Figure with legend
Morulas in Other Species
Mouse 4 cell morula stage development[4]
Sea Urchin early embryo cleavage pattern (SDB Gallery Images)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 <pubmed>19924284</pubmed>| PMC2773928 | PLoS One
- ↑ Galán A, Montaner D, Póo ME, Valbuena D, Ruiz V, Aguilar C, Dopazo J, Simón C. Functional genomics of 5- to 8-cell stage human embryos by blastomere single-cell cDNA analysis. PLoS One. 2010 Oct 26;5(10):e13615. PMID21049019 | PLoS One.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 <pubmed>20890283</pubmed>| Nat Biotechnol.
- ↑ <pubmed>20405021</pubmed>| PMC2854157 | PLoS
Articles
<pubmed>19289087</pubmed> <pubmed>20157423</pubmed>
Search PubMed
Search Pubmed: morula development | blastomere development |
Glossary Links
- Glossary: A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Numbers | Symbols | Term Link
Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, June 27) Embryology Morula. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Morula
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G