Lymph Node Development: Difference between revisions
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==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
[[File:Lymph_node_structure.jpg|thumb|300px|Basic structure of an adult lymph node.]] | [[File:Lymph_node_structure.jpg|thumb|300px|Basic structure of an adult lymph node.]] | ||
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* '''Lymph sacs are not required for the initiation of lymph node formation'''<ref><pubmed>19060331</pubmed></ref> "As proposed by Florence Sabin more than a century ago and recently validated, the mammalian lymphatic vasculature has a venous origin and is derived from primitive lymph sacs scattered along the embryonic body axis. Also as proposed by Sabin, it has been generally accepted that lymph nodes originate from those embryonic primitive lymph sacs. However, we now demonstrate that the initiation of lymph node development does not require lymph sacs." | * '''Lymph sacs are not required for the initiation of lymph node formation'''<ref><pubmed>19060331</pubmed></ref> "As proposed by Florence Sabin more than a century ago and recently validated, the mammalian lymphatic vasculature has a venous origin and is derived from primitive lymph sacs scattered along the embryonic body axis. Also as proposed by Sabin, it has been generally accepted that lymph nodes originate from those embryonic primitive lymph sacs. However, we now demonstrate that the initiation of lymph node development does not require lymph sacs." | ||
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Search term: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Lymph+Node+Embryology ''Lymph Node Embryology''] | |||
<pubmed limit=5>Lymph Node Embryology</pubmed> | |||
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==Adult Lymph Node== | ==Adult Lymph Node== |
Revision as of 15:23, 23 January 2014
Embryology - 14 Jun 2024 Expand to Translate |
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Introduction
Lymphatic vasculature drains lymph fluid from the organ tissue space and returns it to the blood vasculature for recirculation. Lymph nodes lie on the path of lymph vessels and these structures monitor and carry out immune surveillance of this fluid for antigens and pathogens, trapping them within the lymph nodes and generating immune responses.
In early node development, vein endothelial cells form a spherical body (lymph sac) that is surrounded and then invaded by mesenchymal cells that contribute the lymph node stroma.
Some Recent Findings
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More recent papers |
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This table allows an automated computer search of the external PubMed database using the listed "Search term" text link.
More? References | Discussion Page | Journal Searches | 2019 References | 2020 References Search term: Lymph Node Embryology <pubmed limit=5>Lymph Node Embryology</pubmed> |
Adult Lymph Node
- Encapsulated organ (1 mm - 2 cm)
- In lymph vessel pathways “filter”
- Afferent- towards node
- Efferent- away from node
- Location throughout the entire body - Concentrated in axilla, groin, mesenteries
- Antigen transformed lymphocytes from the blood
Lymph Node Cartoon Gallery
- Links: Immunobiology - Figure 1.8. Organization of a lymph node | MBoC Figure 24-16. A simplified drawing of a human lymph node
Schematic representation of the organization of a lymph node.[2]
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Histology
- Lymph Node Histology: Subcapsular Sinus | Follicle | Germinal Centre | Medullary Cords and Sinuses | High Endothelial Venules | Macrophages | Node cartoons
Adult Lymph Node Structure
- Capsule - dense connective tissue
- Trabeculae - dense connective tissue
- Reticular Tissue - Reticular cells and fibers, supporting meshwork
- Macrophages - process antigen, difficult to distinguish from the reticular cells.
Lymph
- enters the node through afferent vessels
- filters through the sinuses
- leaves through efferent vessels
Subcapsular sinus = marginal sinus
Continuation of trabecular sinus
Adult Lymphocytes
Lymphocyte Electron Micrographs
Cell Trafficking into and out of Lymph Nodes
Lymphocyte Traffic in and out of the Lymph Node[3]
The following data is from a recent article[4] and review[5] of live adult mouse lymphocytes (T and B cells) imaged within a lymph node.
Both lymphocyte types:
- Spend 8 to 24 h in the lymph node interstitium.
- Transit across a lymphatic endothelium to exit.
- Enter a network of medullary sinuses.
- Drain from sinuses into efferent lymphatic vessels.
Lymphocyte Migration Speeds
T cells - 10–12 μm/min in the follicle diffuse cortex, peak velocities up to 30 μm/min. (move more slowly in the medullary region near the hilus of the lymph node than in the paracortex)
B cells - 6 μm/min in the follicle diffuse cortex, peak velocities up to 20 μm/min.
Both cortical T cells and follicular B cells move in random directions following "guide cells".
Lymphocyte Guide Cells
FDC - Follicular Dendritic Cells, may guide B cells in the follicle.
FRC - Fibroblastic Reticular Cells, may guide T cells in the follicle.
Lymphocyte Movies
Adult Mouse Lymph Node - T cell motility
Transendothelial migration | T cell zone | Medullary sinus |
Sinus endothelial barrier | Bi-directional traffic | Cross the sinus endothelial barrier |
References
- ↑ <pubmed>19060331</pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>19644499</pubmed>| PMC2785037 | Nat Rev Immunol.
- ↑ <pubmed>15122201</pubmed>| Nat Rev Immunol.
- ↑ <pubmed>16273098</pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>18173372</pubmed>
Textbook
Immunobiology 5th edition The Immune System in Health and Disease Charles A Janeway, Jr, Paul Travers, Mark Walport, and Mark J Shlomchik.
Part I. An Introduction to Immunobiology and Innate Immunity
- Chapter 1. Basic Concepts in Immunology
- The components of the immune system
- Figure 1.3 All the cellular elements of blood, including the lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system, arise from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow
- Figure 1.4 Myeloid cells in innate and adaptive immunity
- Figure 1.5 Lymphocytes are mostly small and inactive cells
- Figure 1.6 Natural killer (NK) cells
- Figure 1.7 The distribution of lymphoid tissues in the body
- Figure 1.8 Organization of a lymph node
- Figure 1.9 Organization of the lymphoid tissues of the spleen
- Summary to Chapter 1
- The components of the immune system
Part III. The Development of Mature Lymphocyte Receptor Repertoires
- Chapter 7. The Development and Survival of Lymphocytes
Reviews
<pubmed></pubmed>
Articles
<pubmed>165702</pubmed> <pubmed>1167215</pubmed>
Search Pubmed
Search Pubmed: Lymph Node Development | Lymphocyte Development
Glossary Links
- Glossary: A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Numbers | Symbols | Term Link
Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, June 14) Embryology Lymph Node Development. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Lymph_Node_Development
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G