Immune System Development: Difference between revisions
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* '''The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine''' [http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2011/ 2011] ''for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity | * '''The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine''' [http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2011/ 2011] Bruce A. Beutler and Jules A. Hoffmann ''for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity'' and the other half to Ralph M. Steinman ''for his discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity''. | ||
* '''Regulation of lymphatic-blood vessel separation by endothelial Rac1.'''<ref><pubmed>19906871</pubmed></ref> "Sprouting angiogenesis and lymphatic-blood vessel segregation both involve the migration of endothelial cells, but the precise migratory molecules that govern the decision of blood vascular endothelial cells to segregate into lymphatic vasculature are unknown." | * '''Regulation of lymphatic-blood vessel separation by endothelial Rac1.'''<ref><pubmed>19906871</pubmed></ref> "Sprouting angiogenesis and lymphatic-blood vessel segregation both involve the migration of endothelial cells, but the precise migratory molecules that govern the decision of blood vascular endothelial cells to segregate into lymphatic vasculature are unknown." | ||
* '''The development of intestinal lymphoid tissues at the interface of self and microbiota'''<ref><pubmed>19741595</pubmed></ref> "(postnatal) Intestinal lymphoid tissues face the challenging task of inducing adaptive immunity to pathogens, yet maintaining homeostasis with the enormous commensal microbiota. To that aim, the ancient partnership between self and flora has resulted in the generation of a unique set of lymphoid tissues capable of constant large-scale reformatting. A first set of lymphoid tissues, the mesenteric lymph nodes and Peyer's patches, are programmed to develop in the sterile environment of the fetus, whereas a second set of lymphoid tissues, the tertiary lymphoid tissues, are induced to form by the microbiota and inflammation." | * '''The development of intestinal lymphoid tissues at the interface of self and microbiota'''<ref><pubmed>19741595</pubmed></ref> "(postnatal) Intestinal lymphoid tissues face the challenging task of inducing adaptive immunity to pathogens, yet maintaining homeostasis with the enormous commensal microbiota. To that aim, the ancient partnership between self and flora has resulted in the generation of a unique set of lymphoid tissues capable of constant large-scale reformatting. A first set of lymphoid tissues, the mesenteric lymph nodes and Peyer's patches, are programmed to develop in the sterile environment of the fetus, whereas a second set of lymphoid tissues, the tertiary lymphoid tissues, are induced to form by the microbiota and inflammation." | ||
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[[Talk:Immune_System_Development|Recent References]] | [[#References|References]] | [[Talk:Immune_System_Development|Recent References]] | [[#References|References]] | ||
== Spleen Development== | == Spleen Development== | ||
Revision as of 08:18, 2 March 2012
Introduction
![](/embryology/images/thumb/1/12/Stage_22_image_169.jpg/300px-Stage_22_image_169.jpg)
Development of the immune system will also link to cardiovascular development notes (blood and vessel) and bone marrow development. Two organs which also relate to this system are the thymus and spleen, which have in the past been included in endocrine and gastrointestinal tract development respectively. There are now also movies showing lymphocyte (B and T cells) traffic within adult lymph nodes.
Some Recent Findings
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Recent References | References
Spleen Development
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The human spleen arises in week 5 within the dorsal mesogastrium as proliferating mesenchyme overlying the dorsal pancreatic endoderm. Cells required for its hemopoietic function arise from the yolk sac wall and near dorsal aorta.
The spleen generates both red and white cells in the 2nd trimester. Note that many embryonic RBCs remain nucleated. |
D4 Dorsal Mesogastrium (stage 13) |
- Links: Spleen Development
Thymus Development
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The thymus has a key role in the development of an effective immune system as well as an endocrine function.
The thymus has two origins for the lymphoid thymocytes and the thymic epithelial cells. The thymic epithelium begins as two flask-shape endodermal diverticula that form from the third pharyngeal pouch and extend lateralward and backward into the surrounding mesoderm and neural crest-derived mesenchyme in front of the ventral aorta. |
D4 Developing Thymus (stage 22) |
- Links: Thymus Development
Lymph Node Development
- Links: Lymph Node Development
Other Organs
- Liver - The adult liver is a lymphoid organ with a predominantly innate immune system. NK cells are abundant in the normal liver (about one-third of intrahepatic lymphocytes), differs from other lymphoid organs and peripheral blood.
Developing Human Thymus (stage 22)
F1 Developing Human Spleen (stage 22)
F2 Developing Human Spleen (stage 22)
F3 Developing Human Spleen (stage 22)
Histology
The images below are from adult immune Lymph Nodes.
Immune Cells
- Human natural killer cells (NK) - originate from CD34(+) hematopoietic progenitor cells.
Adult Lymphocyte Histology
- Lymphocyte EM Images: T and B Lymphocytes 1 TEM | T and B Lymphocytes 2 TEM | T Lymphocyte SEM | B lymphocyte 1 TEM | B lymphocyte 2 TEM | B lymphocyte 3 TEM | Plasma Cell TEM | T2 Lymphocyte 1 TEM | T2 Lymphocyte 2 TEM | lymphocyte rosettes | T lymphocyte 1 | T lymphocyte 2 | T lymphocyte 3 | T lymphocyte 4 | T lymphocyte 5 | T lymphocyte 6 | B lymphocyte | B lymphocytes TEM | Immune System Development | Blood
Adult Lymphocyte Motility Movies
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Transendothelial migration |
T cell zone | T cell zone | Sinus endothelial barrier |
Bi-directional traffic | cross the sinus endothelial barrier |
Transendothelial migration |
T cell zone | T cell zone | Sinus endothelial barrier |
Bi-directional traffic | cross the sinus endothelial barrier |
References
Reviews
<pubmed>21071706</pubmed> <pubmed>18946678</pubmed> <pubmed>15804980</pubmed> <pubmed>15376314</pubmed> <pubmed>12669020</pubmed>
Articles
Search Pubmed
Search August 2010 "Immune System Development" All (90551) Review (15955) Free Full Text (28278)
Search Pubmed: Immune System Development | Embryo Immune System Development
Glossary Links
- Glossary: A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Numbers | Symbols | Term Link
Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, June 18) Embryology Immune System Development. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Immune_System_Development
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G