Morula: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 14:04, 4 November 2010

Notice - Mark Hill

Currently this page is only a template and will be updated (this notice removed when completed).

Introduction

Human morula (day 2)^[1]

(Latin, morula = mulberry) An early stage in post-fertilization development when cells have rapidly mitotically divided to produce a solid mass of cells (12-15 cells) with a "mulberry" appearance. This stage is followed by formation of a cavity in this cellular mass blastocyst stage.

A key event prior to morula formation is "compaction", where the 8 cell embryo undergoes changes in cell morphology and cell-cell adhesion that initiates the formation of this solid ball of cells.

In humans, morula stage of development occurs during the first days of the first week following fertilization. This developmental stage is followed by formation of a cavity, the blastocoel, which defines formation of the blastocyst.

Links: Fertilization | Week 1 | Morula | Blastocyst

Some Recent Findings

Human morula (day 3)^[1]

Non-invasive imaging of human embryos before embryonic genome activation predicts development to the blastocyst stage^[2] "We report studies of preimplantation human embryo development that correlate time-lapse image analysis and gene expression profiling. By examining a large set of zygotes from in vitro fertilization (IVF), we find that success in progression to the blastocyst stage can be predicted with >93% sensitivity and specificity by measuring three dynamic, noninvasive imaging parameters by day 2 after fertilization, before embryonic genome activation (EGA)."

Compaction

E-cadherin mediated adhesion initiates at compaction at the 8-cell stage
regulated post-translationally via protein kinase C and other signalling molecules

Model Human Morula Development

The following figure is from a recent study^[2] using video and genetic analysis of in vitro human development during week 1 following fertilization.

EGA - embryonic genome activation
ESSP - embryonic stage–specific pattern, four unique embryonic stage–specific patterns (1-4)

Links: Figure with legend

Morulas in Other Species

Mouse 4 cell morula stage development^[3]

Sea Urchin early embryo cleavage pattern (SDB Gallery Images)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 <pubmed>19924284</pubmed>| PMC2773928 | PLoS One
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 <pubmed>20890283</pubmed>| Nat Biotechnol.
↑ <pubmed>20405021</pubmed>| PMC2854157 | PLoS

Articles

Search PubMed

Search Pubmed: morula development | blastomere development |

Glossary Links

Glossary: A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Numbers | Symbols | Term Link

Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, June 27) Embryology Morula. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Morula

What Links Here?

[PMID19924284-1] 1.0 ^1.1 <pubmed>19924284</pubmed>| PMC2773928 | PLoS One

[PMID20890283-2] 2.0 ^2.1 <pubmed>20890283</pubmed>| Nat Biotechnol.

[3] <pubmed>20405021</pubmed>| PMC2854157 | PLoS

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@@ Line 26: / Line 26: @@
 * E-cadherin mediated adhesion initiates at compaction at the 8-cell stage
 * regulated post-translationally via protein kinase C and other signalling molecules
+==Model Human Morula Development==
+The following figure is from a recent study<ref name="PMID20890283"><pubmed>20890283</pubmed>| [http://www.nature.com/nbt/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nbt.1686.html Nat Biotechnol.]</ref> using video and genetic analysis of ''in vitro'' human development during week 1 following fertilization.
+[[File:Model human blastocyst development.jpg|800px]]
+* EGA - embryonic genome activation
+* ESSP - embryonic stage–specific pattern, four unique embryonic stage–specific patterns (1-4)
+:'''Links:''' [[:File:Model human blastocyst development.jpg|Figure with legend]]