K12 Thalidomide: Difference between revisions
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FDA [http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DevelopmentApprovalProcess/HowDrugsareDevelopedandApproved/default.htm USA Information] | FDA [http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DevelopmentApprovalProcess/HowDrugsareDevelopedandApproved/default.htm USA Information] | ||
===Declaration of Helsinki=== | |||
The Declaration of Helsinki was developed by The World Medical Association (WMA) as a statement of ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects, including research on identifiable human material and data. The Declaration is intended to be read as a whole and each of its constituent paragraphs should not be applied without consideration of all other relevant paragraphs. It is widely regarded as the cornerstone document on human research ethics. It is named after the location of its initial adoption in Helsinki, Finland, in June 1964. | |||
==How do we classify drugs?== | ==How do we classify drugs?== |
Revision as of 18:31, 6 April 2016
Embryology - 16 Jun 2024 Expand to Translate |
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K12 Professional Development 2016
Teacher Note |
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50px|left]] This is currently only a draft designed to help K12 students understand the drug thalidomide.
Below are links to more detailed pages that are designed for university level students, that would also be valuable for teacher reference. These collapsible tables are additional information and the pages can also be printed out with these sections collapsed, so students do not see the contents.
K12 Professional Development 2016 | K12 Professional Development 2014 |
What is the history of thalidomide?
Thalidomide is a drug that was introduced on to the market on October 1, 1957 in West Germany as "contergan". When taken, mainly in first world countries, early in a pregnancy children were born with limb and other defects. In the late 1950's and early 1960's these children became known as "thalidomide babies".
Originally intended to be prescribed as a general "sleeping pill", once its effects on suppressing sickness (nausea) were identified, it soon became a drug also prescribed to pregnant women to combat the symptoms associated with morning sickness.
Teacher Note |
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Thalidomide is the "chemical name" of the drug, and like many other drugs released today was known by doctors and patients by its "commercial| or "trade". This commercial name can also differ between countries, even though the active chemical remains the same.
Thalidomide Commercial (trade) names
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Morning sickness
Around half to two-thirds of all pregnant women will experience nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, typically called "morning sickness". This occurs mainly in the first trimester of pregnancy (the first 3 months) due to pregnancy changes in hormone levels, blood pressure fluctuations, and changes in carbohydrate metabolism.
Therefore drugs which could "suppress" this feeling of nausea were, and still are, in high demand. |
<html5media width="352" height="240">https://www.youtube.com/embed/https://youtu.be/xg3zhW-4_B0</html5media> |
What does thalidomide look like?
Teacher Note |
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Thalidomide two chemical format with the same molecular structure are called an "enantiomer isomer mix" (laevo+ and dextro-).
Both have the physical properties, but are non-superimposable mirror images of each other and rotate plane-polarized light (+/−) by equal amounts but in the opposite directions (laevo+ and dextro-). |
Who discovered the danger of this drug?
It was identified initially as dangerous by two doctors who saw serious abnormalities appearing more frequently in newborn children.
Teacher Note |
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This is an example for students of inadequate drug testing and a lack of understanding of environmental effects on human development. This is often cited today as a reason to have significant testing of drugs before release and classification of drugs based upon their affects on development. |
Who discovered the danger of this drug?
How do we test drugs today?
FDA USA Information
Declaration of Helsinki
The Declaration of Helsinki was developed by The World Medical Association (WMA) as a statement of ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects, including research on identifiable human material and data. The Declaration is intended to be read as a whole and each of its constituent paragraphs should not be applied without consideration of all other relevant paragraphs. It is widely regarded as the cornerstone document on human research ethics. It is named after the location of its initial adoption in Helsinki, Finland, in June 1964.
How do we classify drugs?
Read the Australian Drug Categories, and then think about how would you classify thalidomide?
Australian Drug Categories |
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Legal drugs are classified, usually by each country's appropriate regulatory body, on the safety of drugs during pregnancy. In Australia, the Therapeutic Goods Authority has classes (A, B1, B2, B3, C, D and X) to define their safety. In the USA, drugs are classified by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) into classes (A, B, C, D, and X) to define their safety. (More? Australian Drug Categories)
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, June 16) Embryology K12 Thalidomide. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/K12_Thalidomide
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G