1897 Human Embryology - Figures: Difference between revisions

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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
1. Connective tissue of mucosa, uterus of pig
2. Vertical section of the mucosa carpus uteri of the first day of menstruation
8. Mucous membrane of a virgin uterus during the first day of menstruation
4. Semi-diagrammatic outline of an antero-posterior section of the gravid uterus and ovum of five weeks
5. Uterus about forty days advanced in pregnancy
6. Uterus one month pregnant ; outlines of the glands from a vertical section
7. Uterus one mouth pregnant ; portion of the compact layer of the decidua seen in vertical section
8. Uterus one month pregnant ; section of gland froiu cavernous layer, with the epithelium partly adherent to the walls
9. Uterus one month pregnant ; section of gland from cavernous layer with the epithelium loosened from the walls
10. Section of the decidua serotina, near the margin of the placenta ; normal uterus about seven months pregnant
11. Decidual cells from the section represented in Fig. 10; stained with alum hsemotoxylin, and eosin, 18
12. Section of human decidua reflexa at two months, .... 20
13. Uterus twelve hours after artificial deUvery at six months' pregnancy, 22
14. Section of the placental area of the uterus three weeks post partnm, 28
15. Vertical section through the wall of a uterus about seven months pregnant, with the foetal membranes in situ, .... 29
16. Human embryo, 4.2 mm. long, 82
17. Embryo, 2.15 mm. long, 83
18. Diagram of an embryo of fifteen to sixteen days, .... 84
19. Generalized diagram of an anmiote vertebrate embryo, ... 84
20. Generalized diagram of an amniote vertebrate embryo before the separation of the amnion, 85
CI. Structure of a rat's spermatozoon, 41
22. Human spermatozoa, 42
23. Peripheral layer of the seminiferous tubule of a rat, .... 43
24. Column of spermatocytes from the rat, 44
25. Developing spermatoblasts of the rat, 45
26. Developing spermatozoa of a marsupial 46
27. Human spermatoblasts, to illustrate the rupture of the membrane, 46
28. Sertoli's column, with a basal nucleolated nucleus and a cluster of developing si)ermatoblasts
29. Part of a cross-section of a seminiferous tubule of a rat
30. Egg of Tendra zostericola, 49
31. Primary follicles from the ovary of a woman thirty-one years old, . 51
32. Ovary of cat, 52
33. Egg-cell of Tengenaria domestica, 54
34. Full-grown human ovum before maturation, 56
35. Part of the ovum of a mole, 57
36. Ovum of a sea urchin, Toxopneustes lividus, 58
37. Ovarion egg of hsemops, 63
38. Egg of a leech (nephelis), three-quarters of an hour after being laid, 63
39. Ovum of nephelis (a leech), three hours after laying, .... 64
40. Ovum of a rabbit ; taken from the middle of the oviduct about eighteen hours after coitus, 71
41. Anterior pole of the ovum of the petromyzon, with a spermatozoon, 72
42. Egg of nephelis, three hours after laying 74
43. Ovum of sagitta with two pronuclei, 75
44. Two ova of the land-snail, arion, 76
45. Ovum of a rabbit seventeen hours after coitus with the pronuclei about to conjugate, 76
46. Ovum of Limax campestris during the first cleavage, ... 96
47. Blast u la stage of Echinocardium cordatum twenty hours after impregnation, 97
48. Segmentation of the egg of the common frog, 98
49. Section of the segmented ovum of axolotl, 99
50. Four stages of the segmentation of the hen^s ovum, . . . .100
51. Ovum of a flounder in transverse vertical section 102
52. Ovum of a rabbit of twenty-four hours, 103
53. Rabbit's ovum of about seventy hours, 104
54. Ovum of a bat, Vespertilis murina, with four segmentation spheres, 105 65. Ovum of Virginian opossum, with four segments, .... 105 50. Young blastodermic vesicle of a mole, 105
57. Sections through the inner mass of the blastodermic vesicle of the mole, at three successive stages, 106
58. Ovum of a rabbit, ninety-four hours after coitus, .... 107
59. Diagram of a seguiented mammalian ovum, 108
60. Ovuui of Amphioxus lanceolatus during segmentation stage, with eighty-eight cells, 110
61. Section of a erastrula of Toxopneustes lividus, 113
62. Diagrams of the principal modiflcations of the gastrula, .114
63. Longitudinal section of an early stage of the gecko, . .115
64. Diagram illustrating the growth of the blastoderm and concrescence of its rim to form the primitive axis, 116
65. Diagram of concrescence in a teleostean egg, 118
66. Diagram of an elasmobranch blastoderm to illustrate the formation of the marginal groove, 119
67. Diagram of a vertebrate blastodenu a little more advanced than Fig. 96, ' 120
68. Ovum of axolotl, 121
69. Ovum of i>etromyzon in longitudinal section 121
70. Longitudinal section of the ovum of a sturgeon after the formation of the entodermic CAvity, 122
71. Formation of the blastoporic canal in Lacerta mural is, 123
72. Hen's o^1lm ; incubated six hours, 124
73. Diagrammatic cross-section of a vertebrate ovum, in which concrescence is supposed to have been arrested
74. Dog-fish embryo, nearly in Balfour's stage C
75. Germinal area of a guinea-pig at thirteen days and twenty hours, 127
76. Diagram showing the relations of a vertebrate ovum with an embryo in cross-section and a large yolk 128
77. Sections of axolotl eggs
78. Area pellucida of a hen^s egg, with completed primitive furrow
79. Longitudinal section of the region of the primitive streak of a hen’s ovum incubated six hours, 182
80. Transverse sections of a germinative area, with half-formed primitive streak, of a hen's egg, 183
81. Transverse section of the anterior region of a fully developed primitive streak of a hen's ovum, 185
82. Blastodermic vesicle of a rabbit of seven days
83. Transverse section of the embryonic shield of the blastodermic vesicle of a sheep, 187
84. Central portion of a sheep's blastoilermic vesicle of twelve to thirteen days, 138
85. Embryonic shield of a rabbit's ovum of five days, .... 139
86. Section of the primitive streak of the mole, 140
87. Blast<H]ermic vesicle of Mus sylvaticus, 142
88. Axolotl embryo ; transverse section of an early stage, 146
89. Diagrams of the embryonic area of the chick, 150
90. Diagram of the embryonic area of a chick, 150
91. The mes(Klermal cavities of the germinal area of a chick of the third day, 151
92. Section of a chicken embryo of about thirty-six hours, 152
93. Transverse section of an amphioxus embryo, 156
94. Amphioxus embryo 157
95. Opossum embryo of seventy-three hours ; transverse section at the
level of the heart, 173
96. Blastoderm of rabbit's ovum, 174
97. Chicken embryo with seven primitive segments, .... 175
98. Part of a transverse section of a young mole embryo, . 176
99. Surface view of a young mole embryo, 176
100. Transverse section of a mole embryo, . . . . .176
101. Elarly stage of Amblystoma punctatum, 177
102. Part of a transverse section of an axolotl embryo, .... 178
103. Transverse section of a rabbit embryo of eight days and two hours, 179
104. Part of a transverse section of an embryo of Lumbricus trapezoides, 180
105. Transverse section of a mole embr>'o, 183
106. Longitudinal section of the head end of a mole embryo, . . .183
107. RaVibit embryo of 6 mm.; median longitudinal section of the head, 185
108. Longitudinal sections of the notochord of bombinator, . . .186
109. DegeneraHng notochord tissue, from the central portion of the intervertebral disc of a cow's embryo
110. Longitudinal section of a frog's ovum, shortly after closure of the medullary groove 188
111. Transverse section of an embryo paroquet (melopsittacus) to show the anterior or true ueurenteric canal
112. Chicken embryo with one segment, 198
118. Area vasoalosa and embryo with eight segments of a hen^s egg, . 193
114. Rabbit embryo with eight segments, 194
115. Transverse section of a pristiurus embryo with fourteen segments, through the centre of the fourth segment 194
116. Transverse section through a recently formed primitive segment of a chicle with eight.een and twenty segments, . . .196
117. Section of a chick with about twenty segments, .... 198
118. Head of an embryo of Torpedo ocellata, in Balfour^s stage J, . . 200
119. Longitudinal vertical section through five primitive segments of a rabbit embryo of nine days and seventeen hours, . . . 204
120. Longitudinal horizontal section through a segment of a rabbit embryo of ten and one-half days, 205
121. Transverse section through the upper i>art of a myotome of a chick of about seventy hours, 206
122. Pristiurus embryo with forty-flve to forty-six segments, . . 208
123. Diagram of a cross-section of a young amphioxus, .... 209
124. Surface view of a small part of the vascular network of an embryo chick of two days, 312
125. Vascular anlages of the area vasculosa of a chick of forty hours, . 213
126. Section of the area vasculosa of a chick, 214
127. Corpuscles from rabbits, from acanthias, from a chick, from a human embryo, 219
128. Salamandra maculosa ; larva, very young ; transverse section to show the formation of the coelom in the heart region, 224
129. Salamandra maculosa, larva with branchial arches, .... 235 129 A. Embryo chick ; section through the anlage of heart, 226
180. Chick embryo, 327
181. Diagrammatic cross-section of a vertebrate to show the fundamental relations of the urogenital system 280
182. Rana temporaria. Tadpole of 12 mm. Cross-section through the pronephros, 281
188. Nephridium (or Wolffian tubule) of an acanthias embryo of 28.2 mm. , seen from the caudal side ; reconstructed from the sections, 286
184. Section through a Wolffian tubule of a chick with primitive segments, 288
185. Wolffian tubule of a sheep embryo of 9 mm., 288
186. Coste's embryo of thirty-five days, 240
187. Transverse section of the Wolffian body or priiuitive kidney of a rabbit of thirteen days, .341
188. Longitudinal vertical section of the AVolffian body of a rabbit embryo of thirteen days, 242
139. Section through the testis of a human embryo of sixty-three to sixty eight days 244
140. Transverse section through an advanced embryo of a shark, sy<;m nus lichia ; from the abdominal region (dots represent nuclei), . 247
141. Section of the urogenital fold of a chick embryo of the fourth day, 348
142. Diagrammatic section of the yellow of a hen's egg at an early stage to show the relations of the arehenteron to the yolk-sac, . . 255
148. Diagrams to illustrate the separation of the embryo from the yolk, 256 144. Cross-section of a rabbit embryo of eight days and two hours, . 257
145. Lon^tudin&l seotion of the posterior end of a sheep embryo of sixteen days, 258
40. Longitudinal median section of young chick embryo, . 261
47. Transverse section of the head of a chick embryo with seven segments, 262
48. Two views of a wax model of the cavity of the pharynx of a rabbit embryo of eleven days, 264
40. Acanthias embryo of 17 mm. Horizontal section of the anterior half, 266
50. Chicken embryo of sixty-eight hours, 266
51. Acanthias of 17 mm., 267
52. Cross-section of a branchial arch of an advanced shark embryo, 267
53. Longitudinal section of an embryo of Petromyzon planeri, four days old, reared at Naples, 268
54. Diagrams to indicate the fundamental relatione of the archenteron, 270
55. Chicken embryoand germ area after twenty-seven hoursMncubation, 272
56. Embryonic area of a rabbit of eleven days, with the placental area partly torn off, 278
57. Diagram of the circulation in a chick at the end of the third day,
as seen from the under or ventral side, 274
58. Area vasculosa and embryo of a rabbity 276
59. Transverse section of the rump of a dog-fish embryo 14 mm. long, . 280
60. Section through the rump of a rabbit embryo of eight days and three hours, 282
61. Transverse section of the rump of an embryo chick of the third day, 283
62. Diagrams to illustrate His' theory of the origin of the human amnion
63. Reichert's ovum. Two views engraved from the original plate
64. Cross-section of Spec's embryo
65. Section passing through the blastopore of Spec's embryo
66. Diagram of His' embryo E : age fourteen (?) days; length about 2.3 mm
67. Thomson's second ovum
6lS. Human embryo of thirteen to fourteen days
69. Embryo of the beginning of third week
70. Human embryo of 2.15 mm. ; anatomy reconstructed from the sections
71. His' embryo L, 2.4 mm. long
72. Ovum supposed to be from fifteen to eighteen days old
73. Embryo supposed to be from fifteen to eighteen days old
74. Fragment of the chorion of fig. 4, highly magnified, .... 302
75. His' embryo M
76. Digestive canal of His' embryo
77. Anterior wall of the pharynx of His' embryo BB, 3.2 mm. long
78. W. His' embryo M
79. Reconstruction of His' embryo BB, 3.2 mm. long
80. Reconstruction of His' embryo
81. Isolated tenninal branch of a villus from the chorion of an embryo of twelve weeks, 320
82. Villous stem from a placenta of the fifth month
83. Terminal villi of a placenta at full term
84. Section of the chorion at three weeks
85. Aborting villus from a chorion of the second month
86. Placental chorion of an embryo of seven months
187. Section of the chorionic membrane of an ovum supposed to belong to the third week
188. Section of the chorionic membrane of an embryo of three weeks
189. Section of the amnion and placental chorion of the fifth month
190. Adenoid tissue of a villus from a placenta of four months
191. Section of the amnion covering the placenta of a two months embryo 334
192. Two sections of the placental amnion
193. A natural group of nuclei from the mesoderm of the amnion of a fetus of the fifth month, 335
194. Mesodermic nuclei of the amnion of an embryo of about four months, 385
195. Surface view of the amniotic epithelium of an embryo of 144 days, 336
196. Diagram of the development of the foetal adnexa in the rabbit, . 848
197. Longitudinal median section of a petromyzon larva, . . 846
198. Wall of the yolk-sac in the area opaca of a chick of the second day
199. Section of the yolk-sac of a human embryo
200. Diagram of the embryo and yolk-sac of a rabbit
201. Vertical section of the wall of the yolk-sac of a rabbit embryo of thirteen days 351
202. Diagram of an opossum embryo and its appendages, .... 351
203. Section of the allantois from the umbilical cord of an embryo of three months, 855
204. Diagrammatic section of the bauclisliel of a human embryo, modified from W. His, 356
205. Sections of human umbilical cords, 357
206. Connective tissue of the umbilical cord of an embryo of 21 mm., 358
207. Connective tissue of the umbilical cord of a human embryo of about three months
208. Epithelial covering of the umbilical cord of an embryo of three months, 360
209. Cross-section of an umbilical cord at term 362
210. Placenta at full term, doubly injected by Dr. H. P. Quincy to show the distribution of the vessels upon the surface
211. Placenta at full term
212. Mesenchymal tissue of a villus, from a placenta of four months
213. Section through a normal x)lacenta of about seven months, in situ
214. Portion of an injecte<l villus from a placenta of about five months
215. Placenta of about i\\e months ; portion of a small villus
216. His' embryo a, age probably twenty-three days
217. FoFs embryo of 5.6 mm., probably twenty-five days old
218. His' Embryo A, 7.5 mm. longm
219. Embryo of 9.8 mm.m
220. Embryo of about 14 mm
221. Dorsal view of an embryo of about 14 mm.
222. Embryo of about thirty-five days
223. His' embryo XXXI V, . .* 891
224. Embryo of 22 mm 392
225. Embryo of 28 mm., :i92
226. Embryo of 32 mm., 393
227. Embryo of 34 unn., 393
228. Embryo of 55 mm., 393
229. Embryo of 78 mm., 394
230. Front view of the head and face of the embryo, 394
381. Embryo of about 120 mm 394
282. Embryo of 118 mm., 395
238. Embryo of 155 mm., 396
234. Mesenchyma of a chick embryo of the third day from close to the otocyst, 399
285. Omentum of a human embryo of five months, 400
236. Parietal bone of a human embryo of fourteen weeks, . 408
237. Transverse section of the mandible of a human embryo of the tenth week, 408
238. Prom a section of an ossifying vertebra of a human embryo of four months, 411
239. Section of a vertebra of the same embryo at right angles to the plane of fig. 238, and corresponding in level to the lower part of the bracket L, fig. 238 412
240. Artery from the allaiitois of a chick, surrounded by a network of lymphatics, 414
241. Section of the spleen of a human embryo of six months, . . . 416
242. Pat island from the skin of a human embryo of five months, . . 418
243. Reconstruction of the last occipital, and first two cervical vertebra of a cow embryo of 8.8 mm., 425
244. Cross-section of the anlage of second cervical vertebra of a cow
embryo of 8.8 mm 425
245. Longitudinal median section of the upper portion of the vertebral
column of a cow embryo of 22.5 mm., 4(87
246. Prontal projection of the cephalic part of a vertebral column of a
cow embryo, 431
247. Embryo pig of about 16 mm., 435
248. Embryo pig« one and one-third inch long 436
249. Section of the anterior portion of the snout of an embryo pig, . 437
250. Embryo pig, six inches long, 439
251. Chondrocranium of an insectivorous mammal (Tatusia), . . . 442
252. Pectoral fin of a young embryo of sycUium in longitudinal and
horizontal section, 449
253. Scapulaof a human embryo of five and one-half inches, dorsal view, 453
254. Vertical section of the ankle of a human embryo of nearly six months, 459
255. Isolated muscle fibres of a frog embryo, 471
256. A, transverse section ; 6, longitudinal section of muscle fibres in the
neck of a human embryo of sixty-three to sixty-eight days, . 472
257. Chick embryo, transverse section of the upper part of a myotome, 476
258. Transverse section of a branchial arch of a selachian embryo
259. His^ embryo R, 5 mm. Reconstruction to show the septum transversum 480
260. Head of a rabbit embryo, with segments seen from the under side
261. Rabbit embryo, eight and a half days, with eleven or twelve somites, cross-section
262. Model of part of the pleural and abdominal cavities of a rat embryo at a stage corresponding to a rabbit at fifteen days
263. Section of the supra-renal body of a rabbit embryo of twenty-six days
264. Supra-renal capsule of a four months^ human embryo
265. Diagram of the indifferent stage of the urogenital system of amniota
266. Diagram to illustrate the homologies of the sexn^l apparatus
267. Section of the testis of a human embryo of nxty-three to sixty-eight days
268. Section of the ovary of a human embryo of 7 cm.
269. To illuf»trate the (lecensus te>ticulon]m 498
270. Cross-section of the ovarj' and Wolffian body of a human embryo of the tliJrd month
271. Cross-section of the rectum, genital cord, and allantois of a male human emVir>'o of alx>ut two months
272. Section of broad ligament of a female human embryo of four months, 504
274. Crosft-section through the hind end of the left Wolffian body of a cr^jc/xlile embryoo of 12 mm
274. Section of a kidney, human embryo of about five months. . . 509
275. Semidiagrammatic figures of developing renal tubules of a mammal, 510
276. Section fiarallel to the medullary rays of the kidney of a human f^jftus of about five months, 511
277. Crrjfes -sect ion of the medullary tubules of the kidney of a human embryo of alxmt five months 512
278. Longitudinal median section of the cloaca of a sheep embryo of 18 mm
279. Longitudinal section of the penis of a human embryo of about five months
280. External genitalia, female embryo of 105 mm 518
281. Section of the clitoris and labia majora of a human embr>'o of about
four and one-half months 519
2H2. Rxternul genitalia of the female human foetus at about four months, 519
2H'4. Head of chirk of thirty-eight hours, seen from the under side, . 522
284. Reconstruction of the heart and veinsof a human embryo of 2.15 mm., 522 2>ii}, Endothelial heart of a human embryo of 2.15 mm.; seen from the
left side ' 522
28<5. Eleconstructed side view of the endothelial heart of a human embryo of 4.2 mm., 523
287. Model of the muscular heart of a rabbit embryo of nine to nine and
one-half days, seen from the left side, 523
288. Endothelial heart of a human embryo of 5 mm., .... 524 2H0. Inner surface of the heart of a human embrvo of 10 mm., . . 524 290. Section of the heart and fK?ricardial cavity of a rabbit embryo of ten
and one- half days 526
201. Section in the frontal plane through the heart of a rabbit embryo
of thirt<*<»n days, 529
292. (>bli(jue section of the heart of a human embryo of 8.5 mm., . . 530 29^. Sections ut diflTerent levels through the cardiac aorta of a human
embryo of 11.5 ninj 531
204. A diagram of [)harynx of an amniote vertebrate, .... 585
2!>.'>. Anterior wall of the pharynx of a human embryoof 3.2 mm. length, 536
21MJ. Aortic HVHteni of His' embryo Bl., 4.25 mm., 536
2'j7. Aortic system of His' embryo Si, 12.5 mm.; seen from the front, . 537
LM)S. Aortic system of W. His' embryo Rg, 11.5 mm 539
299. Keconstniction of the arteries of the head and neck of a rabbit embryo at the end of the eleventh day, 540
300. His' cMubryo Lr (4.2 nnn.). Reconstruction to show the course of the blood-vessels, 542
301. Cross-section through the hinder part of His' embryo R (5 mm.), . 543
302. Three diagrams to illustrate the transformation of the venous system, 548
303. lieconstruction of a human embryo (His' Bl.) of 4.25 lum., 545
304. Reconstruction of the venous trunks and liver of His' embryo R, 5 mm., 546
305. Reconstruction of the venous system of His' embryo Rg, 11.5 miu., 547
306. Section of the skin of a human embryo of sixty-three to sixty-eight days
307. Epidennis from the occiput of the human embryo of two and one half months
308. Section of the skin of the under side of the right second toe of four months' embryo, 551
309. Epitrichium of a human embryo of the fifth month, .... 552
310. Vertical section of the skin of a human embryo of the fifth month, 554
311. Longitudinal section of the nail of the great toe of a human embryo of five mimths, 556
312. Development of hairs in a human embryo of about seven months, 558
313. Isolated epidermis of a human embryo of five to six months, . . 550
314. Section of the sole of the foot of a foetus of the fifth month, to show the sweat, glands, 563
315. Development of the mammary gland in the rabbit, .... 564
316. Acanthias embr\'oof 17 mm., under side, 561)
317. Blast odenii of a dog-fish, acanthias. with commencing tioncrescence, 570 3iy. Longitudinal median section of a recently hatched larva of petromvzon, 572
319. Longitudinal section of an acanthias embryo of 13.2 mm., . 572
320. Median section of the head of a rabbit embryo of thirteen and on half days, 573
321. His' embryo A, 7.5 mm., 576
322. Fiicial region of a human embryo of 8 mm., front view, . . . 576 ;i23. RiH'onstruct ion of the face of His' embryo Sell, 577
324. View of the roof of the mouth of a human embryo, .... 578
325. Frontal section of the oral and nasal chambers of a young cow embryo, 579
326. Frontal section of the nasal and oral cavities of a human embryo of three months 581
327. Dental papilla of a dermal tooth of an acanthias embryo of 10 cm., 582
328. Section of the lower jaw of an acanthias embryo of 10 cm., . 582
329. Section of part of the lower jaw of a human embryo of 40 mm.
330. Explanation in text
331. Vertical section of a molar tooth -germ of a human embryo of 160 mm., 585 itt2. Part of the enamel organ of a new-born child, incisor germ, 586 Itt3. Odontoblasts from cow embryos. A, of 30 cm.; B, of 24 cm., . . 588 334. Section of the submaxillary gland of a human embryo of sixtythree to sixty-eight days, 591
3:W. Reconstruction of the pharynx of a human embryo, .... 592
336. Chick embryo of twenty-nine hours, 594
337. Cross-section through the fore-brain and optic vesicles of a lepidos
teus embryo of eight days, ''395
338. Brain of embryo No. 22, p. 297 590
339. Reconstruction of the brain of His' embryo Ko 597
340. Reconstructed median view of the fore-brain of His' embryo Ko, . 597
341. Brain of a human embryo of five weeks, 509
342. Hind-brain of a human embryo, 600
343. Dorsal view of the hind-brain of a human embryo of one month, . 600
344. Sections through the cervical part of the medulla of a human embryo with thirteen segments, 602
845. Longitudinal horizontal section of the wall of the hind-brain of a young embryo of a lizard (Anolis Sagrsei), 605
346. Diagrammatic section of the embryonic spinal cord, .... 607
347. Section of the medulla and otocysts, 608
348. Sections through the regions 3 and 5 of the hind-brain of His^ embryo, 608
349. Sections through the region 3 of the hind-brain of His' embryo A, 609 850. Four sections of the brain of a human embryo of about five weeks, 609
351. Brain of His' embryo Br. 3, 610
352. Neuroglia of the dorsal zone of the spinal cord of a human embryo of about three and one-half weeks, 613
353. Cross-section of the spinal cord of a human embryo of 14 mm., to show the neuroglia cells
354. Part of a transverse section of the spinal cord of a human embryo of 23 cm
355. From a section of the medulla oblongata of His' embryo Br*
356. Group of motor neuroblasts and nerve fibres from a transverse section of the spinal cord of a cat embryo of ?? mm
357. Bipolar cells from a spinal ganglion of an embryo
358. Transverse section of the dorsal cord and ganglion of a chick of nine days
359. Isolated nerve fibres from the sciatic nerve of a sheep embryo of 150 mm
360. Part of the nerves of a human embryo of 13.8 mm
361. Cells and nuclei from the cervical region of the spinal cord of a human embrvo of one hundred and sixty days
362. Spinal ganglion cells from a longitudinal horizontal section of a human embryo of the tenth week
863. Peripheral nervous system of a human embryo of about 10 mm.
364. Transverse sect ir)n of a mouse embryo of about seventeen to eighteen days through the lumbar region
365. Transverse section of the sympathetic cord from the lower dorsal region of a rat embryo of about thirteen days
306. Sympathetic ganglia of one side of a human embryo of the fifth month
307. Transverse section through the posterior part of the mid-brain of a human embryo of five weeks
308. Section of the brain of a five weeks' embrvo
diV.i. Section of the brain of a five weeks' embryo
870. Section of the brain of a human embryo of five weeks
371. Otocvsis aii<l nerves of a human embrvo of four and one-half week
372 Accmstie ganglia of a human embryo of two months
373 Torpedo embryo of 12 mm
374. Section of the medulla oblongata of a five weeks' human embryo
375. Lower end of the spinal <'ord f»f a human embryo of three months
376. Section of the spinal cord of a human embryo of sixty-three to sixty-eight days no. Pj^oK
377. Transverse section of the spinal cord from the upper dorsal region of a human embryo of six weeks
3TS. Ix>wer cervical cord of a human embryo of about five months
379. Transverse section of the medulla oblongata of His' embryo Ru
380. Transverse section of the medulla oblongata of His' embryo Mr
381. Section through the medulla oblongata of His' embryo CR
382. Median section of the brain of a chick embryo of about four days
383. Longitudinal med^n section of the cerebellum of a chick of about twelve days
384. Section through the cerebellum and medulla oblongata of a human embryo of one hundred and sixty days
380. Section of the cerebellum of a human embryo of one hundred and sixty days
386. Median section of the head of a sheep embryo of .86 mm.
387. Brain, human foetus, five months
388. Part of the brain of His' embryo CR, 13.6 mm.
389. Section of the thalamencephalon of an embryo of five weeks
390. Section of the fore-brain of a sheep embryo of 27 mm.
391. Brain of a human embryo of about three months
392. Brain of a human embryo of the fourth month
393. Median view of a frog's brain
394. Section through the fore-brain of a foetal guinea-pig
395. Reconstruction of the brain of an embryo of about seven and onehalf weeks
390. Brain of a chick embryo, fourth day
397. Human embryo of about four months ; brain in situ
398. Section through the lateral wall of the cerebral hemisphere of a human embryo of four months
399. View of the hemisphere of a human embryo from the early part of the third month
400. Outlines of the fissure of Sylvius of human embryos at successive lunar months
401. Median view of the fore-brain of a human embryo from the beginning of the third month
402. Brain of human embryo of the fifth month after removal of the right hemisphere
403. Right hemisphere, natural size of a foetus of nearly seven months
404. Under side of the bniin of a human embryo of the fifth month
405. Section of the fore-brain of a human embryo of nearly five weeks
406. Horizontal section of the ciliary ganglion of a young torpedo embryo
407. Reconstruction to show the cephalic ganglia of a petromyzon larva 4 mm. long
408. Rabbit embryo of ten and one-half days ; section of head
409. Riibbit embryo of thirteen days; section of the eye
410. Reconstruction fnMii His' embryo Sch. 13.8 mm.
411. Section through the iris region of the eyelid a chick of thirteen days
412. Rabbit embryo of ten and one-half days : section of the lens anlage
415. Vertical section of the eye of a chick embryo of the third day
414. Section of the distal portion of the optic nerve of a rabbit embryo of thirteen days
415. Surface view of the membrana limitans externa with the developing rods and cones of a chick of fifteen to sixteen days
416. Injected vascular membrane of the retina of the eye of a pig embryo, 16 cm. long
417. Section through the iris region of the eye of a chick of thirteen days
418. United eyelids of a human embryo of about four months, seen in vertical section
419. Sections of human embryos showing the otocyst ; A, embryo of 2.4 mm.; B, embryo of 4 mm.
420. Horizontal section of the otocyst of a chick of the third day
421. Left otocyst of a human embryo of about four weeks ; A, from the inner, B, from the outer side
422. Transverse section of the head of a rabbit embryo of ten and one half days
423. Left otocyst of a human embryo of about five weeks, seen from out side and below
424. Transverse section of the semicircular canal of an embryo rabbit of twenty-four days
425. Left otocyst of a human embryo of about two months
426. Transverse section of scala media cochleee of a rabbit embryo of 55 mm.
427. Section through Corti's organ of the lower coil of the cochlea of a rabbit embryo of 75 mm.
428. Section through the internal ear of a sheep embryo, 28 mm.
429. Isolated right membranous labyrinth of human embryo of six months, seen from in front and outside
430. Section through the region of the ear of a human embryo of three months
431. Development of the human external ear ; A, embryo of one month ; B, six weeks ; C, eight weeks ; D, ten weeks ; E, fourteen weeks
432. Reconstruction of the pharyngeal region of a human embryo of 11.5 mm.
433. From a section of a tonsil of a human embryo of five months
434. Section through the third gill-cleft of a human embryo from the beginning of the third week
435. Reconstruction of the pharyngeal region of a human embryo of 9.1 mm.
430. Reconstructions to show the development of the thyroid gland in the pig; A, embryo of 15 mm.; B, of 16 mm.; C, of 20 mm.; D, of 22.5 mm
437. A, section of the thyroid gland of a human embryo of about four months ; B, a single acinus, more highly magnified
438. Reconstruction of His' embryo B ; the head is drawn as if erected
439. Transverse section of the oesophagus of a human embryo of four months
440. Highly magnified view of a small portion of the epithelium of fig. 4;^9,
441. Reconstruction of Fol's embryo
442. Epithelium of the greater curvature of the stomach of an embryo cat of 85 mm.
443 Peptic glands from the greater curvature of stomach of a human embryo from the end of the eighth lunar month
444. Digestive tracts of four human embryos. A, embryo of 4.2 mm.; B, embryo of 7mm.; C, embryo of 13.8 mm.; D, embryo of 12.5 mm.
445. Two front views of the entodenual canal. A, embryo Sch. 1 of His' B, His' embryo Sch. 2
440. Part of the inte8tine of a human embryo of about six months
447. Section of the small intestine of a human embryo of sixty-three to sixty -eight days
44S. Section of the small intestine of a human embryo of three months
440. Portion of a section of the liver of an acanthias embryo of 20 mm.
450. Section throuf?h the liver of a rabbit embryo of thirteen days
451. Section of a rabbit embryo of thirteen days through the region of the fore limbs and liver
452. Section of the t>ancreas of a human embryo of four months
453. Two diagrams to illustrate mori>ho]ogical relations of the vertebrate mesentery ; A, earlier ; B, later condition
454. Diagram to illustrate the relations of the mesentery
455. Diagram of the human mesentery in its primitive relations
456. Diagrams to illustrate the history of the human mesentery. A, earlier ; B, later condition
457. Two diagrams to illustrate the history of the mesentery; A, earlier ; B, later stages
458. Outline of the entodermal canal of His' embryo Lr.
460. Three views of the lungs of a human embryo of 10.5 mm., . 775 4<>0. Lungs of a human embryo of Hve months
461. Cross-section of the bronchial tube of a human embryo of sixty three to sixty-eight days
462. Section through the lung of a human embr>'o of the fourth month, 777 403. Epithelium and gland of the trachea of a four months' embryo






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Minot CS. Human Embryology. (1897) London: The Macmillan Company.

Human Embryology: Introduction | The Uterus | General Outline of Human Development | The Genital Products | History of the Genoblasts and the Theory of Sex | The Germ-Layers | Segmentation | Primitive Streak | Mesoderm and the Coelom | Germ-Layers General Remarks | The Embryo | The Medullary Groove, Notochord and Neurenteric Canals | Coelom Divisions; Mesenchyma Origin | Blood, Blood-Vessels and Heart Origin | Urogenital System Origin | The Archenteron and the Gill Clefts | Germinal Area, the Embryo and its Appendages | The Foetal Appendages | Chorion | Amnion and Proamnion | The Yolk Sack, Allantois and Umbilical Cord | Placenta | The Foetus | Growth and External Development Embryo and Foetus | Mesenchymal Tissues | Skeleton and Limbs | Muscular System | Splanchnocoele and Diaphragm | Urogenital System | Transformations of the Heart and Blood-Vessels | The Epidermal System | Mouth Cavity and Face | The Nervous System | Sense Organs | Entodermal Canal | Figures | References | Embryology History
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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.


1. Connective tissue of mucosa, uterus of pig

2. Vertical section of the mucosa carpus uteri of the first day of menstruation

8. Mucous membrane of a virgin uterus during the first day of menstruation

4. Semi-diagrammatic outline of an antero-posterior section of the gravid uterus and ovum of five weeks

5. Uterus about forty days advanced in pregnancy

6. Uterus one month pregnant ; outlines of the glands from a vertical section

7. Uterus one mouth pregnant ; portion of the compact layer of the decidua seen in vertical section

8. Uterus one month pregnant ; section of gland froiu cavernous layer, with the epithelium partly adherent to the walls

9. Uterus one month pregnant ; section of gland from cavernous layer with the epithelium loosened from the walls

10. Section of the decidua serotina, near the margin of the placenta ; normal uterus about seven months pregnant

11. Decidual cells from the section represented in Fig. 10; stained with alum hsemotoxylin, and eosin, 18

12. Section of human decidua reflexa at two months, .... 20

13. Uterus twelve hours after artificial deUvery at six months' pregnancy, 22

14. Section of the placental area of the uterus three weeks post partnm, 28

15. Vertical section through the wall of a uterus about seven months pregnant, with the foetal membranes in situ, .... 29

16. Human embryo, 4.2 mm. long, 82

17. Embryo, 2.15 mm. long, 83

18. Diagram of an embryo of fifteen to sixteen days, .... 84

19. Generalized diagram of an anmiote vertebrate embryo, ... 84

20. Generalized diagram of an amniote vertebrate embryo before the separation of the amnion, 85

CI. Structure of a rat's spermatozoon, 41

22. Human spermatozoa, 42

23. Peripheral layer of the seminiferous tubule of a rat, .... 43

24. Column of spermatocytes from the rat, 44

25. Developing spermatoblasts of the rat, 45

26. Developing spermatozoa of a marsupial 46

27. Human spermatoblasts, to illustrate the rupture of the membrane, 46

28. Sertoli's column, with a basal nucleolated nucleus and a cluster of developing si)ermatoblasts


29. Part of a cross-section of a seminiferous tubule of a rat

30. Egg of Tendra zostericola, 49

31. Primary follicles from the ovary of a woman thirty-one years old, . 51

32. Ovary of cat, 52

33. Egg-cell of Tengenaria domestica, 54

34. Full-grown human ovum before maturation, 56

35. Part of the ovum of a mole, 57

36. Ovum of a sea urchin, Toxopneustes lividus, 58

37. Ovarion egg of hsemops, 63

38. Egg of a leech (nephelis), three-quarters of an hour after being laid, 63

39. Ovum of nephelis (a leech), three hours after laying, .... 64

40. Ovum of a rabbit ; taken from the middle of the oviduct about eighteen hours after coitus, 71

41. Anterior pole of the ovum of the petromyzon, with a spermatozoon, 72

42. Egg of nephelis, three hours after laying 74

43. Ovum of sagitta with two pronuclei, 75

44. Two ova of the land-snail, arion, 76

45. Ovum of a rabbit seventeen hours after coitus with the pronuclei about to conjugate, 76

46. Ovum of Limax campestris during the first cleavage, ... 96

47. Blast u la stage of Echinocardium cordatum twenty hours after impregnation, 97

48. Segmentation of the egg of the common frog, 98

49. Section of the segmented ovum of axolotl, 99

50. Four stages of the segmentation of the hen^s ovum, . . . .100

51. Ovum of a flounder in transverse vertical section 102

52. Ovum of a rabbit of twenty-four hours, 103

53. Rabbit's ovum of about seventy hours, 104

54. Ovum of a bat, Vespertilis murina, with four segmentation spheres, 105 65. Ovum of Virginian opossum, with four segments, .... 105 50. Young blastodermic vesicle of a mole, 105

57. Sections through the inner mass of the blastodermic vesicle of the mole, at three successive stages, 106

58. Ovum of a rabbit, ninety-four hours after coitus, .... 107

59. Diagram of a seguiented mammalian ovum, 108

60. Ovuui of Amphioxus lanceolatus during segmentation stage, with eighty-eight cells, 110

61. Section of a erastrula of Toxopneustes lividus, 113

62. Diagrams of the principal modiflcations of the gastrula, .114

63. Longitudinal section of an early stage of the gecko, . .115

64. Diagram illustrating the growth of the blastoderm and concrescence of its rim to form the primitive axis, 116

65. Diagram of concrescence in a teleostean egg, 118

66. Diagram of an elasmobranch blastoderm to illustrate the formation of the marginal groove, 119

67. Diagram of a vertebrate blastodenu a little more advanced than Fig. 96, ' 120

68. Ovum of axolotl, 121

69. Ovum of i>etromyzon in longitudinal section 121

70. Longitudinal section of the ovum of a sturgeon after the formation of the entodermic CAvity, 122

71. Formation of the blastoporic canal in Lacerta mural is, 123

72. Hen's o^1lm ; incubated six hours, 124

73. Diagrammatic cross-section of a vertebrate ovum, in which concrescence is supposed to have been arrested

74. Dog-fish embryo, nearly in Balfour's stage C

75. Germinal area of a guinea-pig at thirteen days and twenty hours, 127

76. Diagram showing the relations of a vertebrate ovum with an embryo in cross-section and a large yolk 128

77. Sections of axolotl eggs

78. Area pellucida of a hen^s egg, with completed primitive furrow

79. Longitudinal section of the region of the primitive streak of a hen’s ovum incubated six hours, 182

80. Transverse sections of a germinative area, with half-formed primitive streak, of a hen's egg, 183

81. Transverse section of the anterior region of a fully developed primitive streak of a hen's ovum, 185

82. Blastodermic vesicle of a rabbit of seven days

83. Transverse section of the embryonic shield of the blastodermic vesicle of a sheep, 187

84. Central portion of a sheep's blastoilermic vesicle of twelve to thirteen days, 138

85. Embryonic shield of a rabbit's ovum of five days, .... 139

86. Section of the primitive streak of the mole, 140

87. Blast<H]ermic vesicle of Mus sylvaticus, 142

88. Axolotl embryo ; transverse section of an early stage, 146

89. Diagrams of the embryonic area of the chick, 150

90. Diagram of the embryonic area of a chick, 150

91. The mes(Klermal cavities of the germinal area of a chick of the third day, 151

92. Section of a chicken embryo of about thirty-six hours, 152

93. Transverse section of an amphioxus embryo, 156

94. Amphioxus embryo 157

95. Opossum embryo of seventy-three hours ; transverse section at the

level of the heart, 173

96. Blastoderm of rabbit's ovum, 174

97. Chicken embryo with seven primitive segments, .... 175

98. Part of a transverse section of a young mole embryo, . 176

99. Surface view of a young mole embryo, 176

100. Transverse section of a mole embryo, . . . . .176

101. Elarly stage of Amblystoma punctatum, 177

102. Part of a transverse section of an axolotl embryo, .... 178

103. Transverse section of a rabbit embryo of eight days and two hours, 179

104. Part of a transverse section of an embryo of Lumbricus trapezoides, 180

105. Transverse section of a mole embr>'o, 183

106. Longitudinal section of the head end of a mole embryo, . . .183

107. RaVibit embryo of 6 mm.; median longitudinal section of the head, 185

108. Longitudinal sections of the notochord of bombinator, . . .186

109. DegeneraHng notochord tissue, from the central portion of the intervertebral disc of a cow's embryo

110. Longitudinal section of a frog's ovum, shortly after closure of the medullary groove 188

111. Transverse section of an embryo paroquet (melopsittacus) to show the anterior or true ueurenteric canal


112. Chicken embryo with one segment, 198

118. Area vasoalosa and embryo with eight segments of a hen^s egg, . 193

114. Rabbit embryo with eight segments, 194

115. Transverse section of a pristiurus embryo with fourteen segments, through the centre of the fourth segment 194

116. Transverse section through a recently formed primitive segment of a chicle with eight.een and twenty segments, . . .196

117. Section of a chick with about twenty segments, .... 198

118. Head of an embryo of Torpedo ocellata, in Balfour^s stage J, . . 200

119. Longitudinal vertical section through five primitive segments of a rabbit embryo of nine days and seventeen hours, . . . 204

120. Longitudinal horizontal section through a segment of a rabbit embryo of ten and one-half days, 205

121. Transverse section through the upper i>art of a myotome of a chick of about seventy hours, 206

122. Pristiurus embryo with forty-flve to forty-six segments, . . 208

123. Diagram of a cross-section of a young amphioxus, .... 209

124. Surface view of a small part of the vascular network of an embryo chick of two days, 312

125. Vascular anlages of the area vasculosa of a chick of forty hours, . 213

126. Section of the area vasculosa of a chick, 214

127. Corpuscles from rabbits, from acanthias, from a chick, from a human embryo, 219

128. Salamandra maculosa ; larva, very young ; transverse section to show the formation of the coelom in the heart region, 224

129. Salamandra maculosa, larva with branchial arches, .... 235 129 A. Embryo chick ; section through the anlage of heart, 226

180. Chick embryo, 327

181. Diagrammatic cross-section of a vertebrate to show the fundamental relations of the urogenital system 280

182. Rana temporaria. Tadpole of 12 mm. Cross-section through the pronephros, 281

188. Nephridium (or Wolffian tubule) of an acanthias embryo of 28.2 mm. , seen from the caudal side ; reconstructed from the sections, 286

184. Section through a Wolffian tubule of a chick with primitive segments, 288

185. Wolffian tubule of a sheep embryo of 9 mm., 288

186. Coste's embryo of thirty-five days, 240

187. Transverse section of the Wolffian body or priiuitive kidney of a rabbit of thirteen days, .341

188. Longitudinal vertical section of the AVolffian body of a rabbit embryo of thirteen days, 242

139. Section through the testis of a human embryo of sixty-three to sixty eight days 244

140. Transverse section through an advanced embryo of a shark, sy<;m nus lichia ; from the abdominal region (dots represent nuclei), . 247

141. Section of the urogenital fold of a chick embryo of the fourth day, 348

142. Diagrammatic section of the yellow of a hen's egg at an early stage to show the relations of the arehenteron to the yolk-sac, . . 255

148. Diagrams to illustrate the separation of the embryo from the yolk, 256 144. Cross-section of a rabbit embryo of eight days and two hours, . 257

145. Lon^tudin&l seotion of the posterior end of a sheep embryo of sixteen days, 258

40. Longitudinal median section of young chick embryo, . 261

47. Transverse section of the head of a chick embryo with seven segments, 262

48. Two views of a wax model of the cavity of the pharynx of a rabbit embryo of eleven days, 264

40. Acanthias embryo of 17 mm. Horizontal section of the anterior half, 266

50. Chicken embryo of sixty-eight hours, 266

51. Acanthias of 17 mm., 267

52. Cross-section of a branchial arch of an advanced shark embryo, 267

53. Longitudinal section of an embryo of Petromyzon planeri, four days old, reared at Naples, 268

54. Diagrams to indicate the fundamental relatione of the archenteron, 270

55. Chicken embryoand germ area after twenty-seven hoursMncubation, 272

56. Embryonic area of a rabbit of eleven days, with the placental area partly torn off, 278

57. Diagram of the circulation in a chick at the end of the third day,

as seen from the under or ventral side, 274

58. Area vasculosa and embryo of a rabbity 276

59. Transverse section of the rump of a dog-fish embryo 14 mm. long, . 280

60. Section through the rump of a rabbit embryo of eight days and three hours, 282

61. Transverse section of the rump of an embryo chick of the third day, 283

62. Diagrams to illustrate His' theory of the origin of the human amnion

63. Reichert's ovum. Two views engraved from the original plate

64. Cross-section of Spec's embryo

65. Section passing through the blastopore of Spec's embryo

66. Diagram of His' embryo E : age fourteen (?) days; length about 2.3 mm

67. Thomson's second ovum

6lS. Human embryo of thirteen to fourteen days

69. Embryo of the beginning of third week

70. Human embryo of 2.15 mm. ; anatomy reconstructed from the sections

71. His' embryo L, 2.4 mm. long

72. Ovum supposed to be from fifteen to eighteen days old

73. Embryo supposed to be from fifteen to eighteen days old

74. Fragment of the chorion of fig. 4, highly magnified, .... 302

75. His' embryo M

76. Digestive canal of His' embryo

77. Anterior wall of the pharynx of His' embryo BB, 3.2 mm. long

78. W. His' embryo M

79. Reconstruction of His' embryo BB, 3.2 mm. long

80. Reconstruction of His' embryo

81. Isolated tenninal branch of a villus from the chorion of an embryo of twelve weeks, 320

82. Villous stem from a placenta of the fifth month

83. Terminal villi of a placenta at full term

84. Section of the chorion at three weeks

85. Aborting villus from a chorion of the second month

86. Placental chorion of an embryo of seven months

187. Section of the chorionic membrane of an ovum supposed to belong to the third week

188. Section of the chorionic membrane of an embryo of three weeks

189. Section of the amnion and placental chorion of the fifth month

190. Adenoid tissue of a villus from a placenta of four months

191. Section of the amnion covering the placenta of a two months embryo 334

192. Two sections of the placental amnion

193. A natural group of nuclei from the mesoderm of the amnion of a fetus of the fifth month, 335

194. Mesodermic nuclei of the amnion of an embryo of about four months, 385

195. Surface view of the amniotic epithelium of an embryo of 144 days, 336

196. Diagram of the development of the foetal adnexa in the rabbit, . 848

197. Longitudinal median section of a petromyzon larva, . . 846

198. Wall of the yolk-sac in the area opaca of a chick of the second day

199. Section of the yolk-sac of a human embryo

200. Diagram of the embryo and yolk-sac of a rabbit

201. Vertical section of the wall of the yolk-sac of a rabbit embryo of thirteen days 351

202. Diagram of an opossum embryo and its appendages, .... 351

203. Section of the allantois from the umbilical cord of an embryo of three months, 855

204. Diagrammatic section of the bauclisliel of a human embryo, modified from W. His, 356

205. Sections of human umbilical cords, 357

206. Connective tissue of the umbilical cord of an embryo of 21 mm., 358

207. Connective tissue of the umbilical cord of a human embryo of about three months

208. Epithelial covering of the umbilical cord of an embryo of three months, 360

209. Cross-section of an umbilical cord at term 362

210. Placenta at full term, doubly injected by Dr. H. P. Quincy to show the distribution of the vessels upon the surface

211. Placenta at full term

212. Mesenchymal tissue of a villus, from a placenta of four months

213. Section through a normal x)lacenta of about seven months, in situ

214. Portion of an injecte<l villus from a placenta of about five months

215. Placenta of about i\\e months ; portion of a small villus

216. His' embryo a, age probably twenty-three days

217. FoFs embryo of 5.6 mm., probably twenty-five days old

218. His' Embryo A, 7.5 mm. longm

219. Embryo of 9.8 mm.m

220. Embryo of about 14 mm

221. Dorsal view of an embryo of about 14 mm.

222. Embryo of about thirty-five days

223. His' embryo XXXI V, . .* 891

224. Embryo of 22 mm 392

225. Embryo of 28 mm., :i92

226. Embryo of 32 mm., 393

227. Embryo of 34 unn., 393

228. Embryo of 55 mm., 393

229. Embryo of 78 mm., 394

230. Front view of the head and face of the embryo, 394

381. Embryo of about 120 mm 394

282. Embryo of 118 mm., 395

238. Embryo of 155 mm., 396

234. Mesenchyma of a chick embryo of the third day from close to the otocyst, 399

285. Omentum of a human embryo of five months, 400

236. Parietal bone of a human embryo of fourteen weeks, . 408

237. Transverse section of the mandible of a human embryo of the tenth week, 408

238. Prom a section of an ossifying vertebra of a human embryo of four months, 411

239. Section of a vertebra of the same embryo at right angles to the plane of fig. 238, and corresponding in level to the lower part of the bracket L, fig. 238 412

240. Artery from the allaiitois of a chick, surrounded by a network of lymphatics, 414

241. Section of the spleen of a human embryo of six months, . . . 416

242. Pat island from the skin of a human embryo of five months, . . 418

243. Reconstruction of the last occipital, and first two cervical vertebra of a cow embryo of 8.8 mm., 425

244. Cross-section of the anlage of second cervical vertebra of a cow

embryo of 8.8 mm 425

245. Longitudinal median section of the upper portion of the vertebral

column of a cow embryo of 22.5 mm., 4(87

246. Prontal projection of the cephalic part of a vertebral column of a

cow embryo, 431

247. Embryo pig of about 16 mm., 435

248. Embryo pig« one and one-third inch long 436

249. Section of the anterior portion of the snout of an embryo pig, . 437

250. Embryo pig, six inches long, 439

251. Chondrocranium of an insectivorous mammal (Tatusia), . . . 442

252. Pectoral fin of a young embryo of sycUium in longitudinal and

horizontal section, 449

253. Scapulaof a human embryo of five and one-half inches, dorsal view, 453

254. Vertical section of the ankle of a human embryo of nearly six months, 459

255. Isolated muscle fibres of a frog embryo, 471

256. A, transverse section ; 6, longitudinal section of muscle fibres in the

neck of a human embryo of sixty-three to sixty-eight days, . 472

257. Chick embryo, transverse section of the upper part of a myotome, 476

258. Transverse section of a branchial arch of a selachian embryo

259. His^ embryo R, 5 mm. Reconstruction to show the septum transversum 480

260. Head of a rabbit embryo, with segments seen from the under side

261. Rabbit embryo, eight and a half days, with eleven or twelve somites, cross-section

262. Model of part of the pleural and abdominal cavities of a rat embryo at a stage corresponding to a rabbit at fifteen days

263. Section of the supra-renal body of a rabbit embryo of twenty-six days

264. Supra-renal capsule of a four months^ human embryo

265. Diagram of the indifferent stage of the urogenital system of amniota


266. Diagram to illustrate the homologies of the sexn^l apparatus

267. Section of the testis of a human embryo of nxty-three to sixty-eight days

268. Section of the ovary of a human embryo of 7 cm.

269. To illuf»trate the (lecensus te>ticulon]m 498

270. Cross-section of the ovarj' and Wolffian body of a human embryo of the tliJrd month

271. Cross-section of the rectum, genital cord, and allantois of a male human emVir>'o of alx>ut two months

272. Section of broad ligament of a female human embryo of four months, 504

274. Crosft-section through the hind end of the left Wolffian body of a cr^jc/xlile embryoo of 12 mm

274. Section of a kidney, human embryo of about five months. . . 509

275. Semidiagrammatic figures of developing renal tubules of a mammal, 510

276. Section fiarallel to the medullary rays of the kidney of a human f^jftus of about five months, 511

277. Crrjfes -sect ion of the medullary tubules of the kidney of a human embryo of alxmt five months 512

278. Longitudinal median section of the cloaca of a sheep embryo of 18 mm

279. Longitudinal section of the penis of a human embryo of about five months

280. External genitalia, female embryo of 105 mm 518

281. Section of the clitoris and labia majora of a human embr>'o of about

four and one-half months 519

2H2. Rxternul genitalia of the female human foetus at about four months, 519

2H'4. Head of chirk of thirty-eight hours, seen from the under side, . 522

284. Reconstruction of the heart and veinsof a human embryo of 2.15 mm., 522 2>ii}, Endothelial heart of a human embryo of 2.15 mm.; seen from the

left side ' 522

28<5. Eleconstructed side view of the endothelial heart of a human embryo of 4.2 mm., 523

287. Model of the muscular heart of a rabbit embryo of nine to nine and

one-half days, seen from the left side, 523

288. Endothelial heart of a human embryo of 5 mm., .... 524 2H0. Inner surface of the heart of a human embrvo of 10 mm., . . 524 290. Section of the heart and fK?ricardial cavity of a rabbit embryo of ten

and one- half days 526

201. Section in the frontal plane through the heart of a rabbit embryo

of thirt<*<»n days, 529

292. (>bli(jue section of the heart of a human embryo of 8.5 mm., . . 530 29^. Sections ut diflTerent levels through the cardiac aorta of a human

embryo of 11.5 ninj 531

204. A diagram of [)harynx of an amniote vertebrate, .... 585

2!>.'>. Anterior wall of the pharynx of a human embryoof 3.2 mm. length, 536

21MJ. Aortic HVHteni of His' embryo Bl., 4.25 mm., 536

2'j7. Aortic system of His' embryo Si, 12.5 mm.; seen from the front, . 537

LM)S. Aortic system of W. His' embryo Rg, 11.5 mm 539

299. Keconstniction of the arteries of the head and neck of a rabbit embryo at the end of the eleventh day, 540

300. His' cMubryo Lr (4.2 nnn.). Reconstruction to show the course of the blood-vessels, 542

301. Cross-section through the hinder part of His' embryo R (5 mm.), . 543

302. Three diagrams to illustrate the transformation of the venous system, 548

303. lieconstruction of a human embryo (His' Bl.) of 4.25 lum., 545

304. Reconstruction of the venous trunks and liver of His' embryo R, 5 mm., 546

305. Reconstruction of the venous system of His' embryo Rg, 11.5 miu., 547

306. Section of the skin of a human embryo of sixty-three to sixty-eight days

307. Epidennis from the occiput of the human embryo of two and one half months

308. Section of the skin of the under side of the right second toe of four months' embryo, 551

309. Epitrichium of a human embryo of the fifth month, .... 552

310. Vertical section of the skin of a human embryo of the fifth month, 554

311. Longitudinal section of the nail of the great toe of a human embryo of five mimths, 556

312. Development of hairs in a human embryo of about seven months, 558

313. Isolated epidermis of a human embryo of five to six months, . . 550

314. Section of the sole of the foot of a foetus of the fifth month, to show the sweat, glands, 563

315. Development of the mammary gland in the rabbit, .... 564

316. Acanthias embr\'oof 17 mm., under side, 561)

317. Blast odenii of a dog-fish, acanthias. with commencing tioncrescence, 570 3iy. Longitudinal median section of a recently hatched larva of petromvzon, 572

319. Longitudinal section of an acanthias embryo of 13.2 mm., . 572

320. Median section of the head of a rabbit embryo of thirteen and on half days, 573

321. His' embryo A, 7.5 mm., 576

322. Fiicial region of a human embryo of 8 mm., front view, . . . 576 ;i23. RiH'onstruct ion of the face of His' embryo Sell, 577

324. View of the roof of the mouth of a human embryo, .... 578

325. Frontal section of the oral and nasal chambers of a young cow embryo, 579

326. Frontal section of the nasal and oral cavities of a human embryo of three months 581

327. Dental papilla of a dermal tooth of an acanthias embryo of 10 cm., 582

328. Section of the lower jaw of an acanthias embryo of 10 cm., . 582

329. Section of part of the lower jaw of a human embryo of 40 mm.

330. Explanation in text

331. Vertical section of a molar tooth -germ of a human embryo of 160 mm., 585 itt2. Part of the enamel organ of a new-born child, incisor germ, 586 Itt3. Odontoblasts from cow embryos. A, of 30 cm.; B, of 24 cm., . . 588 334. Section of the submaxillary gland of a human embryo of sixtythree to sixty-eight days, 591

3:W. Reconstruction of the pharynx of a human embryo, .... 592

336. Chick embryo of twenty-nine hours, 594

337. Cross-section through the fore-brain and optic vesicles of a lepidos teus embryo of eight days, 395

338. Brain of embryo No. 22, p. 297 590

339. Reconstruction of the brain of His' embryo Ko 597

340. Reconstructed median view of the fore-brain of His' embryo Ko, . 597

341. Brain of a human embryo of five weeks, 509

342. Hind-brain of a human embryo, 600

343. Dorsal view of the hind-brain of a human embryo of one month, . 600

344. Sections through the cervical part of the medulla of a human embryo with thirteen segments, 602

845. Longitudinal horizontal section of the wall of the hind-brain of a young embryo of a lizard (Anolis Sagrsei), 605

346. Diagrammatic section of the embryonic spinal cord, .... 607

347. Section of the medulla and otocysts, 608

348. Sections through the regions 3 and 5 of the hind-brain of His^ embryo, 608

349. Sections through the region 3 of the hind-brain of His' embryo A, 609 850. Four sections of the brain of a human embryo of about five weeks, 609

351. Brain of His' embryo Br. 3, 610

352. Neuroglia of the dorsal zone of the spinal cord of a human embryo of about three and one-half weeks, 613

353. Cross-section of the spinal cord of a human embryo of 14 mm., to show the neuroglia cells

354. Part of a transverse section of the spinal cord of a human embryo of 23 cm

355. From a section of the medulla oblongata of His' embryo Br*

356. Group of motor neuroblasts and nerve fibres from a transverse section of the spinal cord of a cat embryo of ?? mm

357. Bipolar cells from a spinal ganglion of an embryo

358. Transverse section of the dorsal cord and ganglion of a chick of nine days

359. Isolated nerve fibres from the sciatic nerve of a sheep embryo of 150 mm

360. Part of the nerves of a human embryo of 13.8 mm

361. Cells and nuclei from the cervical region of the spinal cord of a human embrvo of one hundred and sixty days

362. Spinal ganglion cells from a longitudinal horizontal section of a human embryo of the tenth week

863. Peripheral nervous system of a human embryo of about 10 mm.

364. Transverse sect ir)n of a mouse embryo of about seventeen to eighteen days through the lumbar region

365. Transverse section of the sympathetic cord from the lower dorsal region of a rat embryo of about thirteen days

306. Sympathetic ganglia of one side of a human embryo of the fifth month

307. Transverse section through the posterior part of the mid-brain of a human embryo of five weeks

308. Section of the brain of a five weeks' embrvo

diV.i. Section of the brain of a five weeks' embryo

870. Section of the brain of a human embryo of five weeks

371. Otocvsis aii<l nerves of a human embrvo of four and one-half week

372 Accmstie ganglia of a human embryo of two months

373 Torpedo embryo of 12 mm

374. Section of the medulla oblongata of a five weeks' human embryo

375. Lower end of the spinal <'ord f»f a human embryo of three months

376. Section of the spinal cord of a human embryo of sixty-three to sixty-eight days no. Pj^oK

377. Transverse section of the spinal cord from the upper dorsal region of a human embryo of six weeks

3TS. Ix>wer cervical cord of a human embryo of about five months

379. Transverse section of the medulla oblongata of His' embryo Ru

380. Transverse section of the medulla oblongata of His' embryo Mr

381. Section through the medulla oblongata of His' embryo CR

382. Median section of the brain of a chick embryo of about four days

383. Longitudinal med^n section of the cerebellum of a chick of about twelve days

384. Section through the cerebellum and medulla oblongata of a human embryo of one hundred and sixty days

380. Section of the cerebellum of a human embryo of one hundred and sixty days

386. Median section of the head of a sheep embryo of .86 mm.

387. Brain, human foetus, five months

388. Part of the brain of His' embryo CR, 13.6 mm.

389. Section of the thalamencephalon of an embryo of five weeks

390. Section of the fore-brain of a sheep embryo of 27 mm.

391. Brain of a human embryo of about three months

392. Brain of a human embryo of the fourth month

393. Median view of a frog's brain

394. Section through the fore-brain of a foetal guinea-pig

395. Reconstruction of the brain of an embryo of about seven and onehalf weeks

390. Brain of a chick embryo, fourth day

397. Human embryo of about four months ; brain in situ

398. Section through the lateral wall of the cerebral hemisphere of a human embryo of four months

399. View of the hemisphere of a human embryo from the early part of the third month

400. Outlines of the fissure of Sylvius of human embryos at successive lunar months

401. Median view of the fore-brain of a human embryo from the beginning of the third month

402. Brain of human embryo of the fifth month after removal of the right hemisphere

403. Right hemisphere, natural size of a foetus of nearly seven months

404. Under side of the bniin of a human embryo of the fifth month

405. Section of the fore-brain of a human embryo of nearly five weeks

406. Horizontal section of the ciliary ganglion of a young torpedo embryo

407. Reconstruction to show the cephalic ganglia of a petromyzon larva 4 mm. long

408. Rabbit embryo of ten and one-half days ; section of head

409. Riibbit embryo of thirteen days; section of the eye

410. Reconstruction fnMii His' embryo Sch. 13.8 mm.

411. Section through the iris region of the eyelid a chick of thirteen days

412. Rabbit embryo of ten and one-half days : section of the lens anlage

415. Vertical section of the eye of a chick embryo of the third day

414. Section of the distal portion of the optic nerve of a rabbit embryo of thirteen days

415. Surface view of the membrana limitans externa with the developing rods and cones of a chick of fifteen to sixteen days

416. Injected vascular membrane of the retina of the eye of a pig embryo, 16 cm. long

417. Section through the iris region of the eye of a chick of thirteen days

418. United eyelids of a human embryo of about four months, seen in vertical section

419. Sections of human embryos showing the otocyst ; A, embryo of 2.4 mm.; B, embryo of 4 mm.

420. Horizontal section of the otocyst of a chick of the third day

421. Left otocyst of a human embryo of about four weeks ; A, from the inner, B, from the outer side

422. Transverse section of the head of a rabbit embryo of ten and one half days

423. Left otocyst of a human embryo of about five weeks, seen from out side and below

424. Transverse section of the semicircular canal of an embryo rabbit of twenty-four days

425. Left otocyst of a human embryo of about two months

426. Transverse section of scala media cochleee of a rabbit embryo of 55 mm.

427. Section through Corti's organ of the lower coil of the cochlea of a rabbit embryo of 75 mm.

428. Section through the internal ear of a sheep embryo, 28 mm.

429. Isolated right membranous labyrinth of human embryo of six months, seen from in front and outside

430. Section through the region of the ear of a human embryo of three months

431. Development of the human external ear ; A, embryo of one month ; B, six weeks ; C, eight weeks ; D, ten weeks ; E, fourteen weeks

432. Reconstruction of the pharyngeal region of a human embryo of 11.5 mm.

433. From a section of a tonsil of a human embryo of five months

434. Section through the third gill-cleft of a human embryo from the beginning of the third week

435. Reconstruction of the pharyngeal region of a human embryo of 9.1 mm.

430. Reconstructions to show the development of the thyroid gland in the pig; A, embryo of 15 mm.; B, of 16 mm.; C, of 20 mm.; D, of 22.5 mm

437. A, section of the thyroid gland of a human embryo of about four months ; B, a single acinus, more highly magnified

438. Reconstruction of His' embryo B ; the head is drawn as if erected

439. Transverse section of the oesophagus of a human embryo of four months

440. Highly magnified view of a small portion of the epithelium of fig. 4;^9,

441. Reconstruction of Fol's embryo

442. Epithelium of the greater curvature of the stomach of an embryo cat of 85 mm.

443 Peptic glands from the greater curvature of stomach of a human embryo from the end of the eighth lunar month

444. Digestive tracts of four human embryos. A, embryo of 4.2 mm.; B, embryo of 7mm.; C, embryo of 13.8 mm.; D, embryo of 12.5 mm.

445. Two front views of the entodenual canal. A, embryo Sch. 1 of His' B, His' embryo Sch. 2

440. Part of the inte8tine of a human embryo of about six months

447. Section of the small intestine of a human embryo of sixty-three to sixty -eight days

44S. Section of the small intestine of a human embryo of three months

440. Portion of a section of the liver of an acanthias embryo of 20 mm.

450. Section throuf?h the liver of a rabbit embryo of thirteen days

451. Section of a rabbit embryo of thirteen days through the region of the fore limbs and liver

452. Section of the t>ancreas of a human embryo of four months

453. Two diagrams to illustrate mori>ho]ogical relations of the vertebrate mesentery ; A, earlier ; B, later condition

454. Diagram to illustrate the relations of the mesentery

455. Diagram of the human mesentery in its primitive relations

456. Diagrams to illustrate the history of the human mesentery. A, earlier ; B, later condition

457. Two diagrams to illustrate the history of the mesentery; A, earlier ; B, later stages

458. Outline of the entodermal canal of His' embryo Lr.

460. Three views of the lungs of a human embryo of 10.5 mm., . 775 4<>0. Lungs of a human embryo of Hve months

461. Cross-section of the bronchial tube of a human embryo of sixty three to sixty-eight days

462. Section through the lung of a human embr>'o of the fourth month, 777 403. Epithelium and gland of the trachea of a four months' embryo



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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, June 27) Embryology 1897 Human Embryology - Figures. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/1897_Human_Embryology_-_Figures

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