Template:Respiratory terms: Difference between revisions
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* '''alveolar''' - Term used in relation to the alveoli of the lungs. The final functional sac of the respiratory tree where gas exchange occurs between the alveolar space and the pulmonary capillaries. | * '''alveolar''' - Term used in relation to the alveoli of the lungs. The final functional sac of the respiratory tree where gas exchange occurs between the alveolar space and the pulmonary capillaries. | ||
* '''alveolar stage''' - Term used to describe lung development, the final histological/developmental stage (Pseudoglandular, Fetal Canalicular, Terminal sac, '''Alveolar'''). This stage occurs from late fetal/neonate with alveoli formation, the final functional sac of the respiratory tree exists, where gas exchange occurs between the alveolar space and the pulmonary capillaries. (Lung stages | * '''alveolar stage''' - Term used to describe lung development, the final histological/developmental stage (Pseudoglandular, Fetal Canalicular, Terminal sac, '''Alveolar'''). This stage occurs from late fetal/neonate with alveoli formation, the final functional sac of the respiratory tree exists, where gas exchange occurs between the alveolar space and the pulmonary capillaries. ({{Lung stages}}) | ||
* '''alveolus''' - ([[A#alveolar sac|alveolar sacs]], plural alveoli, Latin ''alveolus'' = little cavity) Anatomical and functional end of the mammalian lung respiratory tree where gas exchange occurs. In humans, during lung development these are the last features to form from 7 months onwards. | * '''alveolus''' - ([[A#alveolar sac|alveolar sacs]], plural alveoli, Latin ''alveolus'' = little cavity) Anatomical and functional end of the mammalian lung respiratory tree where gas exchange occurs. In humans, during lung development these are the last features to form from 7 months onwards. | ||
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* '''lobar emphysema''' - (overinflated lung) Abnormality of an overinflated left upper lobe There is a collapsed lower lobe The left lung is herniating across the mediastinum. | * '''lobar emphysema''' - (overinflated lung) Abnormality of an overinflated left upper lobe There is a collapsed lower lobe The left lung is herniating across the mediastinum. | ||
* '''lung bud''' - term describing the primordia of lung development in the [[L#respiratory embryonic stage|respiratory embryonic stage]]. Foregut [[E#endoderm|endoderm]] branches into the surrounding visceral mesoderm, forming the trachea, which branches again into the bronchi and this process is repeated over and over again through development. | * '''lung bud''' - (embryonic stage) term describing the primordia of lung development in the [[L#respiratory embryonic stage|respiratory embryonic stage]]. Foregut [[E#endoderm|endoderm]] branches into the surrounding visceral mesoderm, forming the trachea, which branches again into the bronchi and this process is repeated over and over again through development. ({{Lung stages}}) | ||
* '''measles''' - (paramyxovirus) Measles (rubeola) is mainly a respiratory viral infection, clinically different from Rubella. | * '''measles''' - (paramyxovirus) Measles (rubeola) is mainly a respiratory viral infection, clinically different from Rubella. | ||
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* '''PLUNC''' - Acronym for '''P'''alate, '''LU'''ng, '''N'''asal epithelium '''C'''lone protein, related to the lipid transfer/lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LT/LBP) family. This protein is secreted by the airway conducting epithelia and acts as a surfactant that may interfere with biofilm formation by airway pathogens. | * '''PLUNC''' - Acronym for '''P'''alate, '''LU'''ng, '''N'''asal epithelium '''C'''lone protein, related to the lipid transfer/lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LT/LBP) family. This protein is secreted by the airway conducting epithelia and acts as a surfactant that may interfere with biofilm formation by airway pathogens. | ||
* '''pseudoglandular stage''' - Term used to describe the second histological/developmental stage of lung development, after early embryonic. In humans this stage occurs during the early fetal period after about 20 generations of branching. | * '''pseudoglandular stage''' - Term used to describe the second histological/developmental stage of lung development, after early embryonic. In humans this stage occurs during the early fetal period after about 20 generations of branching. ({{Lung stages}}) | ||
* '''respiratory''' - Term used in relation to breathing (in and out) or associated with the lungs. Anatomically used to describe the lungs, air pathways and associated muscles. In cell biology used in relation to mitochondrial use of oxygen to produce energy and carbon dioxide waste. | * '''respiratory''' - Term used in relation to breathing (in and out) or associated with the lungs. Anatomically used to describe the lungs, air pathways and associated muscles. In cell biology used in relation to mitochondrial use of oxygen to produce energy and carbon dioxide waste. | ||
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* '''respiratory tree''' - Anatomical term to describe the components of the respiratory system (lungs) as they branch again and again ending in the functional units, the [[A#alveolar sac|alveolar sacs]] ([[A#alveolus|alveolus]]). | * '''respiratory tree''' - Anatomical term to describe the components of the respiratory system (lungs) as they branch again and again ending in the functional units, the [[A#alveolar sac|alveolar sacs]] ([[A#alveolus|alveolus]]). | ||
* '''saccular stage''' - ( | * '''saccular stage''' - (terminal sac stage) process of lung epithelial cell differentiation, vascular remodeling and thinning of the mesenchyme. This process leads to enlargement of the diameter and surface area of the alveolar sacs. Distal epithelial cells form 2 populations: 1. cells flattens, thins, and spreads to form type I cells; 2. cells remain cuboidal, acquire surfactant filled lamellar bodies and differentiate into type II cells. Sacculation is a general anatomical term meaning to formed a series of sac-like expansions. ({{Lung stages}}) | ||
* '''septum transversum''' - (transverse septum) A mesodermal region in the early [[E#embryo|embryo]]. Identified externally as the junctional site between amnion and yolk sacs, and internally (within the [[E#embryo|embryo]]) lying directly beneath the heart and at the foregut/midgut junction. This ventro-dorsal "plate" of [[M#mesoderm|mesoderm]] contributes several structures including: the central tendon of diaphragm and some of the liver. | * '''septum transversum''' - (transverse septum) A mesodermal region in the early [[E#embryo|embryo]]. Identified externally as the junctional site between amnion and yolk sacs, and internally (within the [[E#embryo|embryo]]) lying directly beneath the heart and at the foregut/midgut junction. This ventro-dorsal "plate" of [[M#mesoderm|mesoderm]] contributes several structures including: the central tendon of diaphragm and some of the liver. | ||
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* '''tachypnea''' - (Greek, ''tachypnea'' = rapid breathing) Clinical term describing an increased respiratory rate of greater than 60 breaths/minute in a quiet resting baby. | * '''tachypnea''' - (Greek, ''tachypnea'' = rapid breathing) Clinical term describing an increased respiratory rate of greater than 60 breaths/minute in a quiet resting baby. | ||
* '''terminal sac stage''' - (terminal sac phase, immature alveoli) Term used to describe the second last histological/developmental stage ([[P#Pseudoglandular|Pseudoglandular]], Fetal Canalicular, '''Terminal sac''', Alveolar) of lung development. This stage occurs from late fetal week 24 to 36. During this stage branching and growth of the terminal sacs occurs, with cellular differentiation of the type -II pneumonocytes and type - I pneumonocytes The final functional sac of the respiratory tree occurs at the next neonatal period, where gas exchange occurs between the alveolar space and the pulmonary capillaries. | * '''terminal sac stage''' - (saccular stage, terminal sac phase, immature alveoli) Term used to describe the second last histological/developmental stage ([[P#Pseudoglandular|Pseudoglandular]], Fetal Canalicular, '''Terminal sac''', Alveolar) of lung development. This stage occurs from late fetal week 24 to 36. During this stage branching and growth of the terminal sacs occurs, with cellular differentiation of the type -II pneumonocytes and type - I pneumonocytes The final functional sac of the respiratory tree occurs at the next neonatal period, where gas exchange occurs between the alveolar space and the pulmonary capillaries. ({{Lung stages}}) | ||
* '''trachea''' - (windpipe) In the embryo, a ventral out-pocket of pharynx endoderm that branches in week 4 [[Carnegie stage 13|stage 13]] into the right and left bronchi within the lung buds. The endoderm has associated mesoderm that later differentiates to form most structures outside the respiratory epithelium. In the adult, the trachea forms the functional connection between the pharynx and larynx to the lungs. | * '''trachea''' - (windpipe) In the embryo, a ventral out-pocket of pharynx endoderm that branches in week 4 [[Carnegie stage 13|stage 13]] into the right and left bronchi within the lung buds. The endoderm has associated mesoderm that later differentiates to form most structures outside the respiratory epithelium. In the adult, the trachea forms the functional connection between the pharynx and larynx to the lungs. |
Revision as of 11:29, 23 February 2019
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