Template:Placenta terms: Difference between revisions
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* '''chorioamnionitis''' - (CA) An intraamniotic puerperal infection described as having 3 forms: histologic, clinical (clinical chorioamnionitis, IAI), and subclinical. Intraamniotic infection is a common (2-4%) event in labor and the systemic inflammatory response can also lead to preterm birth and neonatal complications. | * '''chorioamnionitis''' - (CA) An intraamniotic puerperal infection described as having 3 forms: histologic, clinical (clinical chorioamnionitis, IAI), and subclinical. Intraamniotic infection is a common (2-4%) event in labor and the systemic inflammatory response can also lead to preterm birth and neonatal complications. | ||
* '''chorion''' - The [[E#extraembryonic_membrane|extraembryonic membrane]] generated from trophoblast and extraembryonic mesoderm that forms placenta. chorion and [[A#amnion|amnion]] are made by the somatopleure. The chorion becomes incorporated into placental development. The avian and reptilian chorion lies beside the egg shell and allows gas exchange. | * '''chorion''' - The [[E#extraembryonic_membrane|extraembryonic membrane]] generated from trophoblast and extraembryonic mesoderm that forms placenta. chorion and [[A#amnion|amnion]] are made by the somatopleure. The chorion becomes incorporated into placental development. The avian and reptilian chorion lies beside the egg shell and allows gas exchange. | ||
* '''chorionic cavity''' - The fluid-filled [[E#extraembryonic_coelom|extraembryonic coelom]] (cavity) formed initially from trophoblast and extraembryonic mesoderm that forms placenta. chorion and [[A#amnion|amnion]] are made by the somatopleure. The chorion becomes incorporated into placental development. The avian and reptilian chorion lies beside the egg shell and allows gas exchange. In humans, this cavity is lost during week 8 when the [[A#amniotic cavity|amniotic cavity]] expands and fuses with the chorion. | * '''chorionic cavity''' - The fluid-filled [[E#extraembryonic_coelom|extraembryonic coelom]] (cavity) formed initially from trophoblast and extraembryonic mesoderm that forms placenta. chorion and [[A#amnion|amnion]] are made by the somatopleure. The chorion becomes incorporated into placental development. The avian and reptilian chorion lies beside the egg shell and allows gas exchange. In humans, this cavity is lost during week 8 when the [[A#amniotic cavity|amniotic cavity]] expands and fuses with the chorion. | ||
* '''chorion frondosum''' - (''frondosum'' = leafy) The chorion found on [[C#conceptus|conceptus]] oriented towards maternal blood supply where the majority of villi form and proliferate, will contribute the fetal component of the future placenta. | * '''chorion frondosum''' - (''frondosum'' = leafy) The chorion found on [[C#conceptus|conceptus]] oriented towards maternal blood supply where the majority of villi form and proliferate, will contribute the fetal component of the future placenta. | ||
* '''chorion laeve''' - (''laeve'' = smooth) The smooth chorion found on [[C#conceptus|conceptus]] away from maternal blood supply (towards uterine epithelium and cavity) with very few villi present. | |||
* '''chorion laeve''' - (''laeve'' = smooth) The smooth chorion found on [[C#conceptus|conceptus]] away from maternal blood supply (towards uterine epithelium and cavity) with very few villi present. | |||
* '''chorionic gonadotropin''' - (CG, human chorionic gonadotropin, hCG) A hormone see [[H#human chorionic gonadotropin|human chorionic gonadotropin]]. | * '''chorionic gonadotropin''' - (CG, human chorionic gonadotropin, hCG) A hormone see [[H#human chorionic gonadotropin|human chorionic gonadotropin]]. | ||
* '''chorionic somatomammotropin''' - (CSH, human lactogen) A hormone synthesized within the placenta by syncytiotrophoblast cells. This protein hormone (190 amino acid) has a structure is similar to pituitary growth hormone. | * '''chorionic somatomammotropin''' - (CSH, human lactogen) A hormone synthesized within the placenta by syncytiotrophoblast cells. This protein hormone (190 amino acid) has a structure is similar to pituitary growth hormone. | ||
* '''chorionic villus sampling''' - (CVS) The taking a biopsy of the placenta, usually at the end of the second month of pregnancy, to test the fetus for genetic abnormalities. | * '''chorionic villus sampling''' - (CVS) The taking a biopsy of the placenta, usually at the end of the second month of pregnancy, to test the fetus for genetic abnormalities. | ||
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* '''cord knotting''' Term describing umbilical or placental cord knotting. This occurs in about 1% prevents the passage of placental blood, pseudoknots also occur usually with no effect. | * '''cord knotting''' Term describing umbilical or placental cord knotting. This occurs in about 1% prevents the passage of placental blood, pseudoknots also occur usually with no effect. | ||
* '''cord presentation''' - A term used to describe at birth the presence of the | * '''cord presentation''' - A term used to describe at birth the presence of the umbilical cord between the fetal presenting part and the [[C#cervix|cervix]], with or without membrane rupture. | ||
* '''cord prolapse''' - A term used to describe at birth the descent of the umbilical cord through the cervix alongside (occult) or past (overt) the presenting part in the presence of ruptured membranes (incidence of 0.1% to 0.6%). | * '''cord prolapse''' - A term used to describe at birth the descent of the umbilical cord through the cervix alongside (occult) or past (overt) the presenting part in the presence of ruptured membranes (incidence of 0.1% to 0.6%). | ||
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* '''cotyledon''' - (Greek, ''kotyle'' = a deep cup) In the embryos of seed plants, the "seed leaves," in which nutrients are stored for use after germination. In placental animals, the term is also to describe the leaf-like structure of the placenta surface. | * '''cotyledon''' - (Greek, ''kotyle'' = a deep cup) In the embryos of seed plants, the "seed leaves," in which nutrients are stored for use after germination. In placental animals, the term is also to describe the leaf-like structure of the placenta surface. | ||
* '''cytotrophoblast''' - The "cellular" trophoblast layer surrounding (forming a "shell") the early implanting | * '''cytotrophoblast''' - The "cellular" trophoblast layer surrounding (forming a "shell") the early implanting conceptus. Beginning at uterine adplantation, proliferation and fusion of these cells is thought to form a second outer trophoblast layer, the syncytiotrophoblast. The cytotrophoblast layer contributes to formation of the placental villi, the functional component of the fetal placenta. | ||
* '''decidua basalis''' - The term given to the uterine endometrium at the site of implantation where signaling transforms the uterine stromal cells (fibroblast-like) into decidual cells. This forms the maternal component of the placenta, the decidualization process gradually spreads through the remainder of the [[U#uterus|uterus]], forming the decidua parietalis. | * '''decidua basalis''' - The term given to the uterine endometrium at the site of implantation where signaling transforms the uterine stromal cells (fibroblast-like) into decidual cells. This forms the maternal component of the placenta, the decidualization process gradually spreads through the remainder of the [[U#uterus|uterus]], forming the decidua parietalis. | ||
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* '''decidualization''' - (decidualisation) The process by which uterine stromal cells differentiate in response to both steroid hormones and embryonic signals into large epitheliod decidual cells. This process is essential for the progress of implantation and establishing fetal-maternal communication. | * '''decidualization''' - (decidualisation) The process by which uterine stromal cells differentiate in response to both steroid hormones and embryonic signals into large epitheliod decidual cells. This process is essential for the progress of implantation and establishing fetal-maternal communication. | ||
* '''DHEA''' - (dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenolone) Postnatally abundant circulating steroid produced in the {{adrenal | * '''DHEA''' - (dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenolone) Postnatally abundant circulating steroid produced in the {{adrenal}} gland. The fetal adrenal cortex produces dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) used by the placenta to produce estrogens. DHEA, androstenedione, and testosterone can be metabolized to epiandrosterone, and etiocholanolone. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15635500 PMID 15635500]] | ||
* '''fetal drug addiction''' - occurs when drugs used maternally cross the placental barrier and can establish addiction in the unborn fetus. | * '''fetal drug addiction''' - occurs when drugs used maternally cross the placental barrier and can establish addiction in the unborn fetus. |
Revision as of 12:38, 5 March 2019
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