Endocrinology - An Integrated Approach Stephen Nussey and Saffron Whitehead. St. George's Hospital Medical School, London, UK Oxford: BIOS Scientific Publishers; 2001. ISBN-10: 1-85996-252-1
- Principles of endocrinology
- Functions of hormones and their regulation
- Chemical signalling - endocrine, paracrine, autocrine and intracrine mechanisms
- Chemical classification of hormones and their synthesis
- Hormone synthesis
- Transport of hormones in the circulation and their half-lives
- Hormone receptors - cell surface
- Hormone receptors - intracellular
- Hormones and gene transcription
- Hormone receptor regulation
- Neuroendocrine interactions
- Hormones and the immune system
- Hormones, growth promotion and malignancy
- Genes, mutations and endocrine function
- Clinical evaluation of endocrine disorders
- The endocrine pancreas
- Glucose turnover
- Anabolic and catabolic phases of glucose metabolism
- Actions of insulin and glucagon
- Lipid metabolism - insulinopenia and diabetic ketosis
- Protein metabolism and the anabolic actions of insulin
- Definition and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus
- Etiology of type 1 DM
- Prevention of type 1 DM
- Structure, synthesis and metabolism of insulin and glucagon
- Anatomical features of pancreatic islets in relation to hormone secretion and its control
- Control of insulin and glucagon secretion
- Type 2 DM
- Causes of DM
- Genetic disorders of β-cell function
- Counter-regulatory hormones and DM
- Complications of DM
- Macrovascular circulatory changes
- Microvascular changes - diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy
- Diabetes and the neuropathic foot
- Diabetes and insulin resistance of pregnancy
- Development of the pancreas: effects of DM on organogenesis
- Treatment of DM - rationale and practical considerations
- Hypoglycemia
- Physiological responses to hypoglycemia and its treatment
- Hypoglycemia and insulinoma
- Hypoglycemia in infancy
- Disorders of the α, γ and PP cells of the islets
- Clinical case questions
- The thyroid gland
- Iodine intake
- Anatomical features of the thyroid gland
- Iodine trapping and thyroid function
- Synthesis of thyroid hormones
- Actions of thyroid hormones
- Control of thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion
- Hyperthyroidism — Graves' disease
- Surgical anatomy and embryology of the thyroid gland
- Primary hypothyroidism — Hashimoto's disease and myxedema
- Secondary hypothyroidism
- Hypothyroidism in infancy and childhood
- Thyroid hormone resistance
- Non-thyroid illness (‘sick euthyroid’ syndrome)
- Transport and metabolism of thyroid hormones
- Biochemical measurements of thyroid hormone status
- Thyroid growth
- Nodular thyroid disease
- Thyroid cancer
- Clinical case questions
- The adrenal gland
- Specificity of the biological effects of adrenal steroid hormones
- Cholesterol and steroid synthesis in the adrenal cortex
- Anatomical and functional zonation in the adrenal cortex
- Glucocorticoid receptors
- Actions of glucocorticoids and clinical features of Cushing's syndrome
- Adrenal cortical androgens
- Hypothalamic control of adrenocortical steroid synthesis - CRH and vasopressin
- Pituitary control of adrenocortical steroids - ACTH
- Feedback control of glucocorticoids
- Excess glucocorticoids: biochemical investigation of Cushing's syndrome
- Measurements of cortisol in blood, urine and saliva
- Dynamic tests of endocrine function
- Imaging the adrenal gland
- Treatment of Cushing's syndrome
- Nelson's syndrome
- Excess adrenal androgens - congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)
- Deficiency of adrenocortical secretions - Addison's disease
- Aldosterone and the control of salt and water balance
- Transport and metabolism of adrenocortical steroids
- Selective mineralocorticoid excess and deficiency
- The adrenal medulla and pheochromocytoma
- Catecholamine synthesis and secretion
- Diagnosis and treatment of pheochromocytomas
- Clinical case questions
- The parathyroid glands and vitamin D
- Calcium and phosphate in serum and its measurement
- Intracellular calcium concentration
- Calcium and phosphate balance
- Hormonal control of serum Ca2+ and Pi concentrations
- Sources, metabolism and transport of vitamin D
- Classical actions of vitamin D on intestine and bone
- Parathyroid glands and PTH synthesis
- Control of PTH secretion
- Actions of PTH
- Hypercalcemia and primary hyperparathyroidism
- Hyperparathyroidism and multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN)
- Hypercalcemia and vitamin D excess
- Hypercalcemia and malignancy
- Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrp)
- Treatment of hypercalcemia
- Mutations of the Ca2+ or PTH receptors
- Hypocalcemia and its treatment
- Pseudohypoparathyroidism
- Vitamin D deficiency
- Non-classical actions of vitamin D
- Vitamin D resistance and rickets
- Hormones and the skeleton
- Structure, formation and function of bone
- Osteoporosis
- Paget's disease (osteitis deformans)
- Calcitonin and calcitonin gene-related peptide
- Clinical case questions
- The gonad
- Genetic determination of sexual differentiation
- Sexual differentiation of the gonads and internal reproductive tracts
- Sexual differentiation of the external genitalia
- Control of steroid production in the fetal gonads
- Puberty
- GnRH and the control of gonadotrophin synthesis and secretion
- The gonadotrophins - LH and FSH - and their actions
- Endocrine changes in puberty
- Precocious sexual development
- Delayed puberty
- Premature adrenarche
- Acne, hair growth and hirsutism
- The breast - premature development, hypoplasia and gynecomastia
- Testicular function
- Control of testicular function
- Transport, metabolism and actions of androgens
- Spermatogenesis
- Erection and ejaculation
- Ovarian control and the menstrual cycle
- Transport, metabolism and actions of ovarian steroids
- The ovary - folliculogenesis and oogenesis
- Non-steroidal factors in the control of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis
- Ovulation, menstruation and its problems
- Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
- Contraception
- Infertility
- Ovulation induction and assisted conception
- Ovarian failure, the menopause and andropause
- Hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMS)
- Clinical case questions
- The pituitary gland
- Anatomical and functional connections of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis
- Embryology of the pituitary gland
- Craniopharyngioma
- Blood supply of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis
- Sheehan's syndrome
- Growth and somatotrophin deficiency
- Growth hormone - secretory patterns and control
- Actions of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factors
- GH replacement therapy
- GH excess - gigantism and acromegaly
- Pituitary adenomas - incidence and treatment
- Prolactinomas
- Prolactin and its control
- Circadian rhythms and the suprachiasmatic nucleus
- The pineal gland and melatonin
- Autonomic functions of the hypothalamus
- Obesity
- The neural lobe of the pituitary gland - AVP and oxytocin
- Clinical case questions
- Cardiovascular and renal endocrinology
- Endocrinology of heart failure
- Paracrine and autocrine regulation of blood pressure: the endocrinology of sepsis
- Hormones and blood cell production - erythropoietin
- Carcinoid
- Clinical case questions
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