Template:BGDA - Neural Development Interactive: Difference between revisions
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<quiz display=simple> | <quiz display=simple> | ||
{ | { The process called "apoptosis": | ||
|type="()"} | |type="()"} | ||
- neurohypophysis | - is a pathological form of cell death | ||
|| | || Incorrect! This is a characteristic of {{necrosis}} not {{apoptosis}} (programmed cell death) | ||
- results from acute cellular injury | |||
|| | || Incorrect! This is a characteristic of {{necrosis}} not {{apoptosis}} (programmed cell death) | ||
- is characterised by cell swelling and lysis | |||
|| Incorrect! This is a characteristic of {{necrosis}} not {{apoptosis}} (programmed cell death) | |||
+ is involved in programmed cell death for normal tissue turnover | |||
|| Correct! The nervous system and other systems undergo developmental {{apoptosis}} (programmed cell death) | |||
- all of the above are correct | |||
|| Incorrect! Some of the answers relate to {{necrosis}} not {{apoptosis}} | |||
{Which of the following endocrine components originates from neural ectoderm? | |||
|type="()"} | |||
+ neurohypophysis | |||
|| Correct! The {{neurohypophysis}} ({{posterior pituitary}}) originates from neural ectoderm. | |||
- adenohypophysis | |||
|| Incorrect! The {{adenohypophysis}} ({{anterior pituitary}}) originates from a midline surface ectoderm {{placode}} lying outside the buccopharyngeal membrane. | |||
- adrenal cortex | - adrenal cortex | ||
|| Incorrect! | || Incorrect! Mesoderm origin. | ||
- thyroid | - thyroid | ||
|| Incorrect! | || Incorrect! Endoderm origin. | ||
- parathyroid | - parathyroid | ||
|| Incorrect! | || Incorrect! Endoderm origin. | ||
{ | {During early development, the neural tube is bent at three locations, and the pontine flexure is located in the: | ||
|type="()"} | |type="()"} | ||
- | - telencephalon | ||
|| | || Incorrect! The pontine flexure is located in the [[Neural_System_Development#Brain_Flexures|metencephalon]]. | ||
- | - diencephalon | ||
|| | || Incorrect! The pontine flexure is located in the [[Neural_System_Development#Brain_Flexures|metencephalon]]. | ||
- | - mesencephalon | ||
|| | || Incorrect! The pontine flexure is located in the [[Neural_System_Development#Brain_Flexures|metencephalon]]. | ||
+ metencephalon | |||
|| Correct! | || Correct! The pontine flexure is located in the [[Neural_System_Development#Brain_Flexures|metencephalon]]. | ||
- myelencephalon | |||
|| | || Incorrect! The pontine flexure is located in the [[Neural_System_Development#Brain_Flexures|metencephalon]]. | ||
{Segmentation of the brain into functionally distinct domains is known as: | |||
{ | |||
|type="()"} | |type="()"} | ||
- | - primary neurulation | ||
|| Incorrect! | |||
|| | - secondary neurulation | ||
- | |||
|| Incorrect! | || Incorrect! | ||
- primary brain vesicles | |||
- | |||
|| Incorrect! | || Incorrect! | ||
- | - secondary brain vesicles | ||
|| Incorrect! | || Incorrect! | ||
+ neuromeres | |||
|| Correct! | |||
{The | {The central nervous system (CNS) cells that share lineage with monocytes are the: | ||
|type="()"} | |type="()"} | ||
- | - cerebral granular cells | ||
|| Incorrect! | || Incorrect! Microglia cells share a lineage with monocytes. | ||
+ microglia cells | |||
|| | || Correct! Microglia cells share a lineage with monocytes. | ||
- oligodendroglia cells | |||
|| | || Incorrect! Microglia cells share a lineage with monocytes. | ||
- | - astrocytes | ||
|| Incorrect! | || Incorrect! Microglia cells share a lineage with monocytes. | ||
- | - Schwann cells | ||
|| Incorrect! | || Incorrect! Microglia cells share a lineage with monocytes. | ||
{Closure of the neural pores: | |||
|type="()"} | |||
- begins at the 4th somite and then progresses rostrally and caudally | |||
|| Correct! But not the correct answer, which is all of the options. | |||
- is essential for further differentiation of the neural tube | |||
|| Correct! But not the correct answer, which is all of the options. | |||
- causes formation of brain vesicles | |||
|| Correct! But not the correct answer, which is all of the options. | |||
- is influenced by the notochord | |||
|| Correct! But not the correct answer, which is all of the options. | |||
+ all of the above | |||
|| Correct! | |||
{ | {The myelin sheath of a peripheral nerve fiber is formed by the cells that originate from: | ||
|type="()"} | |type="()"} | ||
- | - mesenchymal cells | ||
|| Incorrect! | || Incorrect! {{Schwann cell}}s are derived from {{neural crest}}. | ||
- | - neuroblasts | ||
|| Incorrect! | || Incorrect! {{Schwann cell}}s are derived from {{neural crest}}. | ||
+ | + the neural crest | ||
|| Correct! | || Correct! {{Schwann cell}}s are derived from {{neural crest}}. | ||
- | - glioblasts | ||
|| Incorrect! | || Incorrect! {{Schwann cell}}s are derived from {{neural crest}}. | ||
- | - primitive blood cells | ||
|| Incorrect! | || Incorrect! {{Schwann cell}}s are derived from {{neural crest}}. | ||
{ | {Hydrocephaly results from: | ||
|type="()"} | |type="()"} | ||
+ aqueduct stenosis | |||
|| Correct! | || Correct! {{hydrocephalus}} can result from aqueduct stenosis. | ||
- | - choroidal plexus papilloma | ||
|| | || Incorrect! {{hydrocephalus}} can result from aqueduct stenosis. | ||
- | - chronic meningitis | ||
|| | || Incorrect! {{hydrocephalus}} can result from aqueduct stenosis. | ||
- | - hydromyelin | ||
|| | || Incorrect! {{hydrocephalus}} can result from aqueduct stenosis. | ||
- subarachnoid hemorrhage | |||
|| | || Incorrect! {{hydrocephalus}} can result from aqueduct stenosis. | ||
{In spina bifida occulta: | |||
{In | |||
|type="()"} | |type="()"} | ||
+ the vertebral arches in the affected area are underdeveloped but the defect is covered by the skin | |||
|| Correct! | || Correct! In spina bifida occulta the vertebral arches in the affected area are underdeveloped but the defect is covered by the skin. {{ICD-11}} {{ICD11weblink}}1910019778 LB73 Structural developmental anomalies of spine or bony thorax] - {{ICD11weblink}}449489594 LB73.0 Occult spinal dysraphism] | ||
- the | - the neural groove fails to close | ||
|| | || Incorrect! In [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/36380 spina bifida occulta] the vertebral arches in the affected area are underdeveloped but the defect is covered by the skin. {{ICD-11}} {{ICD11weblink}}1910019778 LB73 Structural developmental anomalies of spine or bony thorax] - {{ICD11weblink}}449489594 LB73.0 Occult spinal dysraphism] | ||
- | - a cyst, containing neural tissue, leptomeninges and glial tissue, appears | ||
|| | || Incorrect! In [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/36380 spina bifida occulta] the vertebral arches in the affected area are underdeveloped but the defect is covered by the skin. {{ICD-11}} {{ICD11weblink}}1910019778 LB73 Structural developmental anomalies of spine or bony thorax] - {{ICD11weblink}}449489594 LB73.0 Occult spinal dysraphism] | ||
- the | - only the meninges are present in the cyst | ||
|| | || Incorrect! In [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/36380 spina bifida occulta] the vertebral arches in the affected area are underdeveloped but the defect is covered by the skin. {{ICD-11}} {{ICD11weblink}}1910019778 LB73 Structural developmental anomalies of spine or bony thorax] - {{ICD11weblink}}449489594 LB73.0 Occult spinal dysraphism] | ||
- all of the above are present | |||
|| | || Incorrect! In [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/36380 spina bifida occulta] the vertebral arches in the affected area are underdeveloped but the defect is covered by the skin. {{ICD-11}} {{ICD11weblink}}1910019778 LB73 Structural developmental anomalies of spine or bony thorax] - {{ICD11weblink}}449489594 LB73.0 Occult spinal dysraphism] | ||
{ | {The a-fetoprotein levels in amniotic fluid are increased in: | ||
|type="()"} | |type="()"} | ||
- | - neural tube defects | ||
- hydatidiform mole | |||
- | - an omphalocele | ||
- multiple pregnancies | |||
- | + all of the above | ||
|| Correct! | |||
- | |||
+ | |||
|| Correct! | |||
{ | {Intrauterine rubella infection can result in: | ||
|type="()"} | |type="()"} | ||
- | - vascular thrombosis | ||
|| | || Incorrect! Intrauterine {{rubella}} infection can result in {{microcephaly}}. {{ICD11}} {{ICD11weblink}}179350437 LA05.0 Microcephaly] | ||
- | - hydrocephaly | ||
|| Incorrect! | || Incorrect! Intrauterine {{rubella}} infection can result in {{microcephaly}}. {{ICD11}} {{ICD11weblink}}179350437 LA05.0 Microcephaly] | ||
- | - purulent meningitis | ||
|| Incorrect! | || Incorrect! Intrauterine {{rubella}} infection can result in {{microcephaly}}. {{ICD11}} {{ICD11weblink}}179350437 LA05.0 Microcephaly] | ||
+ microcephaly | |||
|| Correct! Intrauterine {{rubella}} infection can result in {{microcephaly}}. {{ICD11}} {{ICD11weblink}}179350437 LA05.0 Microcephaly] | |||
- chorioretinitis | |||
|| Incorrect! Intrauterine {{rubella}} infection can result in {{microcephaly}}. {{ICD11}} {{ICD11weblink}}179350437 LA05.0 Microcephaly] | |||
</quiz> | </quiz> |