Talk:Postnatal - Vaccination
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, May 6) Embryology Postnatal - Vaccination. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Talk:Postnatal_-_Vaccination |
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Vaccination Abnormalities
<pubmed limit=5>Vaccination Abnormalities</pubmed>
Fetal Viral Infection
<pubmed limit=5>Fetal+Viral+Infection</pubmed>
Maternal Viral Infection
<pubmed limit=5>Maternal+Viral+Infection</pubmed>
Australian Immunisation Program Schedule
| Australian Child Immunisation Programs 2013 | |
|---|---|
| Age | Vaccine |
| Birth |
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| 2 months |
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| 4 months |
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| 6 months |
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| 12 months |
|
| 18 months |
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| 4 years |
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| Notes: | Information provided for educational purposes only. Postnatal - Vaccination | Immunise Australia Program
a Hepatitis B vaccine: should be given to all infants as soon as practicable after birth. The greatest benefit is if given within 24 hours, and must be given within 7 days. b Rotavirus vaccine: third dose of vaccine is dependent on vaccine brand used. |
| Source: | Australian Immunisation Handbook 10th edition (April 2013).[1] National Immunisation Program Schedule From 1 February 2013 to 30 June 2013 PDF Immunise Australia Program. |
2017
In utero development of memory T cells
Semin Immunopathol. 2017 Sep 12. doi: 10.1007/s00281-017-0650-0. [Epub ahead of print]
Zhivaki D1, Lo-Man R2.
Abstract
Pathogen-specific immune memory develops subsequent to primary exposure to antigen, mainly in the context of infection or vaccination to provide protection. Although a safe fetal life requires a tolerogenic environment in order to circumvent unnecessary inflammatory responses, it needs to be prepared in utero to face the microbial environment outside the womb. The possibility of immune memory generation in the fetus would help such transition providing protection in early life. This requires fetal T cell exposure to foreign antigens presented by dendritic cells. There are evidences of fetal T cell priming in several cases of congenital infections or in uninfected children born of infected mothers. Fetal T cell memory seems to arise also without any reported infection during pregnancy. Such memory T cells display various effector functions, including Th1, Th2, or Th17 profiles, raising the issue of benefits and risks for postnatal life when considering maternal vaccination, susceptibility to infection, or environmental allergen sensitization. KEYWORDS: Fetus; Immune memory; T cell PMID: 28900758 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-017-0650-0
2013
Trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine and spontaneous abortion
Obstet Gynecol. 2013 Jan;121(1):159-65. doi: http://10.1097/AOG.0b013e318279f56f.
Irving SA, Kieke BA, Donahue JG, Mascola MA, Baggs J, DeStefano F, Cheetham TC, Jackson LA, Naleway AL, Glanz JM, Nordin JD, Belongia EA; Vaccine Safety Datalink. Source Epidemiology Research Center, Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Marshfield Clinic, Marshfield, Wisconsin 5449, USA. Abstract OBJECTIVE: To estimate the association between spontaneous abortion and influenza vaccine receipt with a case-control study utilizing data from six health care organizations in the Vaccine Safety Datalink. METHODS: Women aged 18-44 years with spontaneous abortion during the autumn of 2005 or 2006 were identified using International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification codes. Cases of spontaneous abortion at 5-16 weeks of gestation were confirmed by medical record review; date of fetal demise was based on ultrasound information when available. Control group individuals with a live birth were individually matched to case group individuals by health care organization and date of last menstrual period (LMP). The primary exposure of interest was influenza vaccination during the 28 days preceding the date of spontaneous abortion of the matched pair. Conditional logistic regression models adjusted for maternal age, health care utilization, maternal diabetes, and parity. RESULTS: Our final analysis included 243 women with spontaneous abortion and 243 matched control group women; 82% of women with spontaneous abortion had ultrasound confirmation of fetal demise. Using clinical diagnosis and ultrasound data, the mean gestational age at fetal demise was 7.8 weeks. Mean ages at LMP of case group women and control group women were 31.7 and 29.3 years, respectively (P<.001). Sixteen women with spontaneous abortion (7%) and 15 (6%) matched control group women received influenza vaccine within the 28-day exposure window. There was no association between spontaneous abortion and influenza vaccination in the 28-day exposure window (adjusted matched odds ratio 1.23, 95% confidence interval 0.53-2.89; P=.63). CONCLUSION: There was no statistically significant increase in the risk of pregnancy loss in the 4 weeks after seasonal inactivated influenza vaccination. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II.
PMID 23262941
Recombinant MVA vaccines: Dispelling the myths
Vaccine. 2013 Mar 20. pii: S0264-410X(13)00305-8. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.03.021. [Epub ahead of print]
Cottingham MG, Carroll MW. Source The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, OX3 7DQ, UK. Electronic address: matt.cottingham@ndm.ox.ac.uk.
Abstract
Diseases such as HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and cancer are prime targets for prophylactic or therapeutic vaccination, but have proven partially or wholly resistant to traditional approaches to vaccine design. New vaccines based on recombinant viral vectors expressing a foreign antigen are under intense development for these and other indications. One of the most advanced and most promising vectors is the attenuated, non-replicating poxvirus MVA (modified vaccinia virus Ankara), a safer derivative of the uniquely successful smallpox vaccine. Despite the ability of recombinant MVA to induce potent humoral and cellular immune responses against transgenic antigen in humans, especially when used as the latter element of a heterologous prime-boost regimen, doubts are occasionally expressed about the ultimate feasibility of this approach. In this review, five common misconceptions over recombinant MVA are discussed, and evidence is cited to show that recombinant MVA is at least sufficiently genetically stable, manufacturable, safe, and immunogenic (even in the face of prior anti-vector immunity) to warrant reasonable hope over the feasibility of large-scale deployment, should useful levels of protection against target pathogens, or therapeutic benefit for cancer, be demonstrated in efficacy trials. Copyright © 2013. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
PMID 23523407
2012
In vitro neutralisation of rotavirus infection by two broadly specific recombinant monovalent llama-derived antibody fragments
PLoS One. 2012;7(3):e32949. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032949. Epub 2012 Mar 5.
Aladin F, Einerhand AW, Bouma J, Bezemer S, Hermans P, Wolvers D, Bellamy K, Frenken LG, Gray J, Iturriza-Gómara M. Source Enteric Virus Unit, Centre for Infections, Health Protection Agency, London, United Kingdom.
Abstract
Rotavirus is the main cause of viral gastroenteritis in young children. Therefore, the development of inexpensive antiviral products for the prevention and/or treatment of rotavirus disease remains a priority. Previously we have shown that a recombinant monovalent antibody fragment (referred to as Anti-Rotavirus Proteins or ARP1) derived from a heavy chain antibody of a llama immunised with rotavirus was able to neutralise rotavirus infection in a mouse model system. In the present work we investigated the specificity and neutralising activity of two llama antibody fragments, ARP1 and ARP3, against 13 cell culture adapted rotavirus strains of diverse genotypes. In addition, immunocapture electron microscopy (IEM) was performed to determine binding of ARP1 to clinical isolates and cell culture adapted strains. ARP1 and ARP3 were able to neutralise a broad variety of rotavirus serotypes/genotypes in vitro, and in addition, IEM showed specific binding to a variety of cell adapted strains as well as strains from clinical specimens. These results indicated that these molecules could potentially be used as immunoprophylactic and/or immunotherapeutic products for the prevention and/or treatment of infection of a broad range of clinically relevant rotavirus strains.
- Rotavirus is a non-enveloped, icosahedral virus of the Reoviridae family containing a genome of 11 segments of double stranded RNA (dsRNA).
- Rotaviruses are currently divided into seven serotypes (Rotavirus A–G).
- It has been estimated that each year, rotavirus causes more than a 100 million episodes of gastroenteritis which results in 25 million clinic visits, 2 million hospitalizations, and more than 611,000 deaths in children below 5 years of age.
- By 5 years of age, nearly every child worldwide will have had at least one episode of rotavirus gastroenteritis [2]. Children in developing countries account for 82% of rotavirus deaths.
- Rotavirus replicates in mature enterocytes of the small intestine leading to a reduction of enterocyte-specific gene expression and an induction of virus gene expression and inflammatory mediators
- reduction in epithelial surface area, replacement of mature enterocytes by immature cells, down regulation of genes involved in digestion and absorption of nutrients, salt and water, an osmotic effect resulting from incomplete absorption of carbohydrates from the intestinal lumen and the secretion of intestinal fluid and electrolytes through activation of the enteric nervous system
PMID 22403728
http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0032949
2011
Wheezing lower respiratory disease and vaccination of premature infants
Vaccine. 2011 Oct 13;29(44):7611-7. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.08.022. Epub 2011 Aug 27.
Mullooly JP, Schuler R, Mesa J, Drew L, DeStefano F; VSD team. Source The Center for Health Research NW, 3800 N. Interstate Ave., Portland, OR 97227, USA. John.Mullooly@kpchr.org
Abstract
PURPOSE: Premature infants are at increased risk of wheezing in association with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and rhinovirus infections. We assess possible associations between wheezing and routine vaccinations of premature infants. METHODS: We conducted a self-controlled case series (SCCS) study of premature infants born at five health maintenance organizations (HMO's) from 1997 to 2002 (N=18,628). Episodes of medically attended wheezing lower respiratory diseases (WLRD) were ascertained from ICD-9 coded database records. Relative risks of WLRD during post-vaccination exposure windows were estimated by Cox proportional hazard regression with time-dependent vaccine exposure variables, adjusted for age, season, and frequency of well-baby visits. RESULTS: WLRD hazard ratios (HR) were not significantly elevated for any vaccine type among non-fragile or fragile premature infants. Among non-fragile infants the 8-14 days HR was significantly reduced for live attenuated MMR (0.68, 0.52-0.88) and Varicella (0.71, 0.53-0.94) vaccines, and similarly but insignificantly reduced for infrequently used live attenuated OPV vaccine (0.70, 0.46-1.06). There was a smaller significant reduction (0.83, 0.69-0.998) in the 15-30 days HR for MMR and a similar but not significant reduction (0.86, 0.71-1.05) in the 31-44 days HR for MMR. Hepatitis B vaccine (HBV), which is not a live vaccine, had significantly reduced 8-14 days (0.84, 0.72-0.98) and 31-44 days (0.88, 0.78-0.98) HRs among non-fragile infants. The apparent protective effect of HBV may be confounded by live vaccines administered simultaneously with the third dose of HBV. Among fragile infants there was a large significant reduction in the 8-14 days HR for live attenuated OPV vaccine (0.40, 0.23-0.70) and smaller significant reductions in the 8-14 days HR for inactivated DTaP (0.82, 0.71-0.95), Hib (0.83, 0.73-0.96), and PCV7 (0.84, 0.70-0.997) vaccines. Delays in vaccinating fragile infants may have made simultaneous administration of live vaccines and third doses of these inactivated vaccines more likely. CONCLUSIONS: We found no evidence of increased WLRD risk following routine vaccinations of premature infants. WLRD risk among non-fragile premature infants appears to be reduced for a few weeks after live attenuated vaccinations. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
PMID 21875634
Adverse events following administration to pregnant women of influenza A (H1N1) 2009 monovalent vaccine reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2011 Nov;205(5):473.e1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2011.06.047. Epub 2011 Jun 21.
Moro PL, Broder K, Zheteyeva Y, Revzina N, Tepper N, Kissin D, Barash F, Arana J, Brantley MD, Ding H, Singleton JA, Walton K, Haber P, Lewis P, Yue X, Destefano F, Vellozzi C. Source Immunization Safety Office, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. pmoro@cdc.gov Abstract OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to evaluate and summarize reports to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), a spontaneous reporting system, in pregnant women who received influenza A (H1N1) 2009 monovalent vaccine to assess for potential vaccine safety problems. STUDY DESIGN: We reviewed reports of adverse events (AEs) in pregnant women who received 2009-H1N1 vaccines from Oct. 1, 2009, through Feb. 28, 2010. RESULTS: VAERS received 294 reports of AEs in pregnant women who received 2009-H1N1 vaccine: 288 after inactivated and 6 after the live attenuated vaccines. Two maternal deaths were reported. Fifty-nine women (20.1%) were hospitalized. We verified 131 pregnancy-specific outcomes: 95 spontaneous abortions (<20 weeks); 18 stillbirths (≥20 weeks); 7 preterm deliveries (<37 weeks); 3 threatened abortions; 2 preterm labor; 2 preeclampsia; and 1 each of fetal hydronephrosis, fetal tachycardia, intrauterine growth retardation, and cleft lip. CONCLUSION: Review of reports to VAERS following H1N1 vaccination in pregnant women did not identify any concerning patterns of maternal or fetal outcomes. Published by Mosby, Inc. PMID 21861964
- ↑ Australian Immunisation Handbook 10th edition (April 2013) Immunise Australia Program
