Talk:Musculoskeletal System - Shoulder Development
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, April 28) Embryology Musculoskeletal System - Shoulder Development. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Talk:Musculoskeletal_System_-_Shoulder_Development |
2010
A Bayesian approach to age estimation in modern Americans from the clavicle
J Forensic Sci. 2010 May;55(3):571-83. Epub 2010 Apr 8.
Langley-Shirley N, Jantz RL.
Department of Anthropology, University of Tennessee, 250 South Stadium Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA. nrshirley@gmail.com Abstract Clavicles from 1289 individuals from cohorts spanning the 20th century were scored with two scoring systems. Transition analysis and Bayesian statistics were used to obtain robust age ranges that are less sensitive to the effects of age mimicry and developmental outliers than age ranges obtained using a percentile approach. Observer error tests showed that a simple three-phase scoring system proved the least subjective, while retaining accuracy levels. Additionally, significant sexual dimorphism was detected in the onset of fusion, with women commencing fusion at least a year earlier than men (women transition to fusion at approximately 15 years of age and men at 16 years). Significant secular trends were apparent in the onset of skeletal maturation, with modern Americans transitioning to fusion approximately 4 years earlier than early 20th century Americans and 3.5 years earlier than Korean War era Americans. These results underscore the importance of using modern standards to estimate age in modern individuals.
PMID: 20384935 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20384935
Postnatal growth of the clavicle: birth to 18 years of age
J Pediatr Orthop. 2009 Dec;29(8):937-43.
McGraw MA, Mehlman CT, Lindsell CJ, Kirby CL.
Ohio University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Division of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA. Abstract BACKGROUND: The purpose of our study was to perform a large cross-sectional study aimed at determining the postnatal growth pattern of the clavicle from birth to 18 years of age.
METHODS: We analyzed the digital chest radiographs of a convenience sample of 961 individuals between birth and 18 years of age. Malrotated radiographs were excluded. Right and left clavicle lengths were measured in millimeters from the most lateral ossified border to the most medial ossified border of each clavicle. Study patients were divided into 19 subgroups with the first group being labeled as "birth to 11 months of age" followed by 1-year-olds, 2-year olds, etc. Patients were also grouped by sex. There was a minimum of 25 patients in each group.
RESULTS: At 18 years of age the mean+/-SD clavicle length for females was 149+/-12 mm and for males it was 161+/-11 mm. Although a statistically significant difference (P=0.049) was noted between the length of right and left clavicles it was not clinically significant (0.036 mm). A steady growth rate was noted for both genders from birth to the age of 12 years (8.4 mm/y). Above the age of 12 years there were significant differences in the growth of the clavicles of girls (2.6 mm/y) versus boys (5.4 mm/y) (P<0.001). Our data suggest that females achieve 80% of their clavicle length by 9 years of age and boys by 12 years of age.
CONCLUSION: This cross-sectional study establishes that relatively little clavicle growth (20%) remains for girls beyond age 9 years and for boys beyond 12 years. The length of one clavicle may be properly judged by comparing it with the contralateral clavicle.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Remodeling of the clavicle shaft fractures is currently believed to be proportional to remaining growth. Our study questions the capacity of the clavicle to re-establish normal length beyond the age thresholds we have identified.
PMID: 19934713 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19934713
