Talk:Horse Development: Difference between revisions
(Created page with "{{Talk Page}} ==2012== ===Random X inactivation in the mule and horse placenta=== Genome Res. 2012 Oct;22(10):1855-63. doi: 10.1101/gr.138487.112. Epub 2012 May 29. Wang X...") |
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PMID 22645258 | PMID 22645258 | ||
==2011== | |||
===Functions of ectopically transplanted invasive horse trophoblast=== | |||
Reproduction. 2011 Jun;141(6):849-56. doi: 10.1530/REP-10-0462. Epub 2011 Mar 9. | |||
de Mestre AM, Hanlon D, Adams AP, Runcan E, Leadbeater JC, Erb HN, Costa CC, Miller D, Allen WR, Antczak DF. | |||
Source | |||
College of Veterinary Medicine, Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA. | |||
Abstract | |||
The invasive and fully antigenic trophoblast of the chorionic girdle portion of the equine fetal membranes has the capacity to survive and differentiate after transplantation to ectopic sites. The objectives of this study were to determine i) the survival time of ectopically transplanted allogeneic trophoblast cells in non-pregnant recipient mares, ii) whether equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) can be delivered systemically by transplanted chorionic girdle cells, and iii) whether eCG delivered by the transplanted cells is biologically active and can suppress behavioral signs associated with estrus. Ectopically transplanted chorionic girdle survived for up to 105 days with a mean lifespan of 75 days (95% confidence interval 55-94) and secreted sufficient eCG for the hormone to be measurable in the recipients' circulation. Immunohistochemical labeling of serial biopsies of the transplant sites and measurement of eCG profiles demonstrated that graft survival was similar to the lifespan of equine endometrial cups in normal horse pregnancy. The eCG secreted by the transplanted cells induced corpora lutea formation and sustained systemic progesterone levels in the recipient mares, effects that are also observed during pregnancy. This in turn caused suppression of estrus behavior in the recipients for up to 3 months. Thus, ectopically transplanted equine trophoblast provides an unusual example of sustained viability and function of an immunogenic transplant in a recipient with an intact immune system. This model highlights the importance of innate immunoregulatory capabilities of invasive trophoblast cells and describes a new method to deliver sustained circulating concentrations of eCG in non-pregnant mares. | |||
PMID 21389079 | |||
Revision as of 14:21, 3 May 2013
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, May 26) Embryology Horse Development. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Talk:Horse_Development |
2012
Random X inactivation in the mule and horse placenta
Genome Res. 2012 Oct;22(10):1855-63. doi: 10.1101/gr.138487.112. Epub 2012 May 29.
Wang X, Miller DC, Clark AG, Antczak DF. Source Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA. Abstract In eutherian mammals, dosage compensation of X-linked genes is achieved by X chromosome inactivation. X inactivation is random in embryonic and adult tissues, but imprinted X inactivation (paternal X silencing) has been identified in the extra-embryonic membranes of the mouse, rat, and cow. Few other species have been studied for this trait, and the data from studies of the human placenta have been discordant or inconclusive. Here, we quantify X inactivation using RNA sequencing of placental tissue from reciprocal hybrids of horse and donkey (mule and hinny). In placental tissue from the equid hybrids and the horse parent, the allelic expression pattern was consistent with random X inactivation, and imprinted X inactivation can clearly be excluded. We characterized horse and donkey XIST gene and demonstrated that XIST allelic expression in female hybrid placental and fetal tissues is negatively correlated with the other X-linked genes chromosome-wide, which is consistent with the XIST-mediated mechanism of X inactivation discovered previously in mice. As the most structurally and morphologically diverse organ in mammals, the placenta also appears to show diverse mechanisms for dosage compensation that may result in differences in conceptus development across species.
PMID 22645258
2011
Functions of ectopically transplanted invasive horse trophoblast
Reproduction. 2011 Jun;141(6):849-56. doi: 10.1530/REP-10-0462. Epub 2011 Mar 9.
de Mestre AM, Hanlon D, Adams AP, Runcan E, Leadbeater JC, Erb HN, Costa CC, Miller D, Allen WR, Antczak DF. Source College of Veterinary Medicine, Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA. Abstract The invasive and fully antigenic trophoblast of the chorionic girdle portion of the equine fetal membranes has the capacity to survive and differentiate after transplantation to ectopic sites. The objectives of this study were to determine i) the survival time of ectopically transplanted allogeneic trophoblast cells in non-pregnant recipient mares, ii) whether equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) can be delivered systemically by transplanted chorionic girdle cells, and iii) whether eCG delivered by the transplanted cells is biologically active and can suppress behavioral signs associated with estrus. Ectopically transplanted chorionic girdle survived for up to 105 days with a mean lifespan of 75 days (95% confidence interval 55-94) and secreted sufficient eCG for the hormone to be measurable in the recipients' circulation. Immunohistochemical labeling of serial biopsies of the transplant sites and measurement of eCG profiles demonstrated that graft survival was similar to the lifespan of equine endometrial cups in normal horse pregnancy. The eCG secreted by the transplanted cells induced corpora lutea formation and sustained systemic progesterone levels in the recipient mares, effects that are also observed during pregnancy. This in turn caused suppression of estrus behavior in the recipients for up to 3 months. Thus, ectopically transplanted equine trophoblast provides an unusual example of sustained viability and function of an immunogenic transplant in a recipient with an intact immune system. This model highlights the importance of innate immunoregulatory capabilities of invasive trophoblast cells and describes a new method to deliver sustained circulating concentrations of eCG in non-pregnant mares. PMID 21389079
