Talk:Developmental Signals - Bone Morphogenetic Protein

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On this website the Discussion Tab or "talk pages" for a topic has been used for several purposes: References - recent and historic that relates to the topic Additional topic information - currently prepared in draft format Links - to related webpages Topic page - an edit history as used on other Wiki sites Lecture/Practical - student feedback Student Projects - online project discussions. Links: Pubmed Most Recent | Reference Tutorial | Journal Searches Glossary Links Glossary: A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Numbers | Symbols | Term Link Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, April 26) Embryology Developmental Signals - Bone Morphogenetic Protein. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Talk:Developmental_Signals_-_Bone_Morphogenetic_Protein

2012

Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) is induced by bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) cytokines in human granulosa cells

Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2012 Jun 7. [Epub ahead of print]

Ogura-Nose S, Yoshino O, Osuga Y, Shi J, Hiroi H, Yano T, Taketani Y. Source Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan. Abstract OBJECTIVES: Serum concentration of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) is used as a biomarker in clinical practice. Therefore, it is important to elucidate the mechanism by which AMH is regulated in granulosa cells (GC). An important first step in understanding AMH regulation is to determine which factors up-regulate AMH expression. STUDY DESIGN: Human GC, obtained from 28 women undergoing oocyte retrieval for in vitro fertilization, were stimulated with various intraovarian cytokines including bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2, -6, -7 -15, activin-A and growth differentiation factor (GDF)-9 (100ng/ml). The expression of AMH mRNA was evaluated with reverse transcription and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and AMH protein in cultured supernatant was measured with EIA kit. RESULTS: BMP-2, -6, -7 and -15, but not activin-A and GDF-9, significantly induced AMH expression in GC at mRNA and protein level, while all stimuli increased FSH receptor mRNA and decreased steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) mRNA level. CONCLUSIONS: Among the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β superfamily, BMP-2, -6, -7 and -15 significantly induced AMH expression in human GC. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

PMID 22682966

2011

SNW1 Is a Critical Regulator of Spatial BMP Activity, Neural Plate Border Formation, and Neural Crest Specification in Vertebrate Embryos

PLoS Biol. 2011 Feb 15;9(2):e1000593. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000593.

Wu MY, Ramel MC, Howell M, Hill CS. Author information

Abstract Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) gradients provide positional information to direct cell fate specification, such as patterning of the vertebrate ectoderm into neural, neural crest, and epidermal tissues, with precise borders segregating these domains. However, little is known about how BMP activity is regulated spatially and temporally during vertebrate development to contribute to embryonic patterning, and more specifically to neural crest formation. Through a large-scale in vivo functional screen in Xenopus for neural crest fate, we identified an essential regulator of BMP activity, SNW1. SNW1 is a nuclear protein known to regulate gene expression. Using antisense morpholinos to deplete SNW1 protein in both Xenopus and zebrafish embryos, we demonstrate that dorsally expressed SNW1 is required for neural crest specification, and this is independent of mesoderm formation and gastrulation morphogenetic movements. By exploiting a combination of immunostaining for phosphorylated Smad1 in Xenopus embryos and a BMP-dependent reporter transgenic zebrafish line, we show that SNW1 regulates a specific domain of BMP activity in the dorsal ectoderm at the neural plate border at post-gastrula stages. We use double in situ hybridizations and immunofluorescence to show how this domain of BMP activity is spatially positioned relative to the neural crest domain and that of SNW1 expression. Further in vivo and in vitro assays using cell culture and tissue explants allow us to conclude that SNW1 acts upstream of the BMP receptors. Finally, we show that the requirement of SNW1 for neural crest specification is through its ability to regulate BMP activity, as we demonstrate that targeted overexpression of BMP to the neural plate border is sufficient to restore neural crest formation in Xenopus SNW1 morphants. We conclude that through its ability to regulate a specific domain of BMP activity in the vertebrate embryo, SNW1 is a critical regulator of neural plate border formation and thus neural crest specification. Comment in SNW1 orchestrates BMP signaling in early embryonic patterning. [PLoS Biol. 2011]

PMID 21358802

http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.1000593

Developmental stalling and organ-autonomous regulation of morphogenesis

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Nov 29;108(48):19270-5. Epub 2011 Nov 14.

Miletich I, Yu WY, Zhang R, Yang K, Caixeta de Andrade S, Pereira SF, Ohazama A, Mock OB, Buchner G, Sealby J, Webster Z, Zhao M, Bei M, Sharpe PT. Source Department of Craniofacial Development, Dental Institute, Kings College London, Guys Hospital, London SE1 6RT, United Kingdom.

Abstract

Timing of organ development during embryogenesis is coordinated such that at birth, organ and fetal size and maturity are appropriately proportioned. The extent to which local developmental timers are integrated with each other and with the signaling interactions that regulate morphogenesis to achieve this end is not understood. Using the absolute requirement for a signaling pathway activity (bone morphogenetic protein, BMP) during a critical stage of tooth development, we show that suboptimal levels of BMP signaling do not lead to abnormal morphogenesis, as suggested by mutants affecting BMP signaling, but to a 24-h stalling of the intrinsic developmental clock of the tooth. During this time, BMP levels accumulate to reach critical levels whereupon tooth development restarts, accelerates to catch up with development of the rest of the embryo and completes normal morphogenesis. This suggests that individual organs can autonomously control their developmental timing to adjust their stage of development to that of other organs. We also find that although BMP signaling is critical for the bud-to-cap transition in all teeth, levels of BMP signaling are regulated differently in multicusped teeth. We identify an interaction between two homeodomain transcription factors, Barx1 and Msx1, which is responsible for setting critical levels of BMP activity in multicusped teeth and provides evidence that correlates the levels of Barx1 transcriptional activity with cuspal complexity. This study highlights the importance of absolute levels of signaling activity for development and illustrates remarkable self-regulation in organogenesis that ensures coordination of developmental processes such that timing is subordinate to developmental structure.

PMID 22084104