Talk:Abnormal Development - Viral Infection
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, May 5) Embryology Abnormal Development - Viral Infection. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Talk:Abnormal_Development_-_Viral_Infection |
2010
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
- eight HPV types 16, 18, 45, 33, 31, 52, 58, and 35 in descending order of frequency responsible for more than 90 percent of cervical cancer cases. (Lancet 2010)
- 118 different HPV types identified
- about 40 infect the genital tract
- 12 are known to be cancer-causing
- vaccine Cervarix (GSK) and Gardasil (Merck) protect against HPV types 16 and 18, and, through cross-protection, partially also against HPV types 31 and 45.
SEALS Factsheet
http://www.rcpaqap.com.au/serology/factsheets/fludetection.pdf
- Adenovirus - presence in the respiratory tract is often not accompanied by symptoms. The virus may be shed over long periods of time, so the association between isolation and clinical symptoms is not definitive. However it can cause severe respiratory illness, especially as local outbreaks.
- Coronavirus - Nasal discharge and malaise are typical, while a cough and sore throat are generally not prominent and there is no fever. The illness lasts about a week and is usually of no real consequence. Coronaviruses are difficult to grow in cultured cells and are therefore rarely recovered from specimens.
- Influenza virus - cause highly contagious respiratory disease, which typically result in yearly winter epidemics. Types A and B cause the same spectrum of disease although type A infections result in hospitalisation more often than type B does.
- Parainfluenza viruses - there are four parainfluenza virus types, only types 1, 2 and 3 are readily detected. All three viruses have distinct seasonal epidemiological patterns. Generally types 1 and 2 have an autumn epidemic peak while type 3 is endemic occurring sporadically throughout the year. Parainfluenza viruses are the most common cause of viral croup.
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) - infection is the principal cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants. In adults it usually causes "common cold" like symptoms and the elderly are prone to pneumonia. RSV epidemics occur in the winter months and sporadically at other times. Infection usually lasts between 7-14 days.
- Rhinovirus - responsible for one third to one half of the "common colds" people suffer every year. There are a large number of serotypes, so vaccines do not prevent against infection. Laboratory confirmation can be difficult, and is generally not feasible. Infection usually remains localised to the upper respiratory tract and symptom resolution generally occurs within a week.
