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| ==Introduction==
| | #REDIRECT [[Genital Abnormality - Hypospadias]] |
| Hypospadias are the most common penis abnormality (1 in 300) and result from a failure of male urogenital folds to fuse in various regions. This in turn leads to resulting in a proximally displaced urethral meatus. The cause is unknown, but suggested to involve many factors either indivdually or in combination including: familial inheritance, low birth weight, assisted reproductive technology, advanced maternal age, paternal subfertility and endocrine-disrupting chemicals.<ref name="PMID11713004"><pubmed>11713004</pubmed></ref> Infants with hypospadias should not undergo circumcision.
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| ==Some Recent Findings==
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| * '''Correction of Distal Penile Hypospadias'''<ref><pubmed>20548222</pubmed></ref> "The major aims of correction of hypospadias include construction of a neourethra, removal of the chordee, and reduction of the probability of postoperative fistulization. Here, we describe a new technique that can be easily used in cases with subcoronal distal penile hypospadias (even those with chordee) for the construction of the urethra using meatus-based transverse flaps."
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| ==Hypospadia Classification==
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| [[File:Hypospadia classifications.jpg|thumb|400px|Classification of Hypospadias<ref name="PMID11713004" />]] | |
| The condition is classified by the general location of the relocated opening (meatus) and lack of fusion.
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| ===Anterior Hypospadia===
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| :'''A''' Meatus located on inferior surface of glans penis.
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| ===Coronal Hypospadia===
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| :'''B''' Meatus located in balanopenile furrow.
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| ===Distal Hypospadia===
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| :'''C''' Meatus located on distal third of shaft.
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| ===Penoscrotal Hypospadia===
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| :'''D''' Meatus located at base of shaft in front of scrotum.
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| ===Scrotal Hypospadia===
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| :'''E''' Meatus located on scrotum or between the genital swellings.
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| ===Perineal Hypospadia===
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| :'''F''' Meatus located behind scrotum or genital swellings.
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| ==Surgical Repair==
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| Depending on the class of hypospadias there are a number of different surgical repair techniques including: orthoplasty or penile straightening, urethroplasty, meatoplasty and glanuloplasty, scrotoplasty and skin coverage.
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| ==Related Genetic Conditions==
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| * Johanson-Blizzard syndrome<ref><pubmed>20556423</pubmed></ref> - hypospadias, failure to thrive, exocrine pancreatic deficiency, short stature and developmental delay, cutis aplasia on the scalp, aplasia of alae nasi, hypothyroidism, myxomatous mitral valve, and patent ductus arteriosus.
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| ==References==
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| <references/>
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| ===Reviews===
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| ===Articles===
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| ===Search Pubmed===
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| June 2010 "Hypospadia" All (4698) Review (377) Free Full Text (413)
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| '''Search Pubmed:''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=search&term=Hypospadia Hypospadia] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=search&term=Hypospadia%20Surgical%20Repair Hypospadia Surgical Repair]
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| ==External Links==
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| * [http://www.eurodsd.eu EuroDSD programme]
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