File:Thyroid hormone homeostasis.jpg: Difference between revisions
mNo edit summary |
mNo edit summary |
||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
==Thyroid Hormone Homeostasis== | ==Thyroid Hormone Homeostasis== | ||
{| | |||
The complex mechanisms of regulation of thyroid hormone homeostasis and the possible mechanism of action of the thyroid disrupting chemicals. | | The complex mechanisms of regulation of thyroid hormone homeostasis and the possible mechanism of action of the thyroid disrupting chemicals. | ||
The thyroid and the thyroid hormones, tri-iodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), participate with the hypothalamus, secreting thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), and pituitary, secreting thyrotropin (TSH) in a classical feedback controlled loop. | The thyroid and the thyroid hormones, tri-iodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), participate with the hypothalamus, secreting thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), and pituitary, secreting thyrotropin (TSH) in a classical feedback controlled loop. | ||
Line 12: | Line 12: | ||
* '''In the target cells''', T3 binds to nuclear thyroid hormone receptor (TR), and with the retinoid X receptor, it binds at specific sequences at the DNA string, forming the thyroid hormone response elements (TRE). | * '''In the target cells''', T3 binds to nuclear thyroid hormone receptor (TR), and with the retinoid X receptor, it binds at specific sequences at the DNA string, forming the thyroid hormone response elements (TRE). | ||
* '''In the liver''', thyroid hormones are metabolized by UDP-glucuronyl transferase (UDPGT), and finally, the metabolites are excreted in the urine. | * '''In the liver''', thyroid hormones are metabolized by UDP-glucuronyl transferase (UDPGT), and finally, the metabolites are excreted in the urine. | ||
| '''Possible mechanism of action of the thyroid disrupting chemicals''' | |||
'''Possible mechanism of action of the thyroid disrupting chemicals''' | |||
# Inhibition of iodine uptake in the cells by inhibition of NIS: perchlorate, thiocyanate, nitrate, and phthalates. | # Inhibition of iodine uptake in the cells by inhibition of NIS: perchlorate, thiocyanate, nitrate, and phthalates. | ||
# TPO inhibition: NP and isoflavones. | # TPO inhibition: NP and isoflavones. | ||
Line 24: | Line 23: | ||
# Inhibition of the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis: lead. | # Inhibition of the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis: lead. | ||
# Excretion/clearance of thyroid hormones: PCB, dioxin, phenols, flame retardants, HCB, and BPA. | # Excretion/clearance of thyroid hormones: PCB, dioxin, phenols, flame retardants, HCB, and BPA. | ||
|} | |||
:'''Links:''' [[Endocrine_-_Thyroid_Development|Thyroid Development]] | |||
===Reference=== | ===Reference=== | ||
<pubmed>21918727</pubmed>| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3170895 PMC3170895] | <pubmed>21918727</pubmed>| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3170895 PMC3170895] | ||
====Copyright==== | ====Copyright==== |
Revision as of 12:32, 22 June 2016
Thyroid Hormone Homeostasis
The complex mechanisms of regulation of thyroid hormone homeostasis and the possible mechanism of action of the thyroid disrupting chemicals.
The thyroid and the thyroid hormones, tri-iodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), participate with the hypothalamus, secreting thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), and pituitary, secreting thyrotropin (TSH) in a classical feedback controlled loop. Iodide is transported into the cell by the sodium-iodine symporter (NIS) and oxidized by thyroid peroxidase (TPO). TPO also catalyzes the iodination of thyrosine residues on thyroglobulin (Tg). All processes in the cell are stimulated by binding of TSH to the TSH receptor (TSH-R).
|
Possible mechanism of action of the thyroid disrupting chemicals
|
- Links: Thyroid Development
Reference
<pubmed>21918727</pubmed>| PMC3170895
Copyright
© 2011 Marie-Louise Hartoft-Nielsen et al.
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Figure 1 JTR2011-342189.001.jpg http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3170895/figure/fig1
Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, May 19) Embryology Thyroid hormone homeostasis.jpg. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/File:Thyroid_hormone_homeostasis.jpg
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G
File history
Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time.
Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
current | 00:06, 23 September 2011 | 600 × 712 (80 KB) | S8600021 (talk | contribs) | ==Thyroid Hormone Homeostasis== The complex mechanisms of regulation of thyroid hormone homeostasis and the possible mechanism of action of the thyroid disrupting chemicals. The thyroid and the thyroid hormones, tri-iodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), |
You cannot overwrite this file.
File usage
The following 2 pages use this file: