Book - Quain's Elements of Anatomy
Embryology - 19 May 2024 Expand to Translate |
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Sharpey W. Thomson A. and Schafer E.A. Quain's Elements of Anatomy. (1878) William Wood and Co., New York.
Online Editor - Please note this text is at an early stage of editing and as yet no figures have been uploaded.
- 1878 Elements of Anatomy: The Ovum | The Blastoderm | Fetal Membranes | Placenta | Musculoskeletal | Neural | Gastrointesinal | Respiratory | Cardiovascular | Urogenital
Historic Disclaimer - information about historic embryology pages |
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Pages where the terms "Historic" (textbooks, papers, people, recommendations) appear on this site, and sections within pages where this disclaimer appears, indicate that the content and scientific understanding are specific to the time of publication. This means that while some scientific descriptions are still accurate, the terminology and interpretation of the developmental mechanisms reflect the understanding at the time of original publication and those of the preceding periods, these terms, interpretations and recommendations may not reflect our current scientific understanding. (More? Embryology History | Historic Embryology Papers) |
Embryology or Development of the Foetus and its Organs
It is proposed to bring together in the present Section a short statement of the manner in which the parts of the body originate in the embryo, and acquire by development in the course of foetal life their complete form and structure. The collected facts bearing upon this subject constitute the department of anatomy known as Embryology, Embryological or Foetal Anatomy, or Foetal development, a knowledge of which is not only most interesting in itself, but is also of great importance for the elucidation of adult human anatomy and the whole science of Organic Morphology.
Although much attention has been given to the structure of the human foetus at different periods of its growth, yet the materials are still wanting for a detailed history of its early development ; accordingly it is necessary for further elucidation to have recourse to the information obtained by studying the process in animals. But this illustration from analogy is fully warranted by the general conformity in the plan of development which has been ascertained to prevail among the higher vertebrate animals, and by the agreement with this plan of the more important phenomena which it has been possible to observe in the human species. In what follows, therefore, while the main object will be to state the more important facts which have been ascertained as to the development of the human ovum and embryo, the history of the phenomena as they occur in birds and mammals will also be referred to in so far as it tends to throw light on human embryology.
About the Authors and the Online Edition
Jones Quain (1796 – 1865) was an Irish anatomist and professor of Anatomy and Physiology at the University of London. His textbook "Elements of Anatomy" was first published in 1828.
- William Sharpey (1802 – 1880) was a Scottish anatomist and physiologist. PMID 4934507
- Allen Thomson (1809 - 1884) was a Scottish anatomist and Regius Professor of Anatomy at the University of Glasgow.
- Edward Albert Schafer (1850 - 1935) was an English physiologist.
From the online editor - Currently only the Embryology section of the textbook is made available here online. It is also at only an early edited version. Please note as always that this is a historic textbook, provided only as a background for understanding the history of embryology. Ffigures in this textbook have been used directly, or redrawn, in several other historic textbooks.
Many of the developmental concepts described here have subsequently been changed with current research in embryology.
Novice students should not use this information, but should read sections without the historic notation.
Table of Contents
The Ovum : its Maturation, Fecundation, and Segmentation
- Formation of the Blastoderm
- The Mature Ovarian Ovum
- Distinction of the Germ
- Disappearance of the Germinal Vesicle
- Fecundation
- Segmentation of the Yolk
- In the Mammal's Ovum
- In the Bird's Ovum
The Blastoderm : its Structure and Relation to the Development of the Embryo
- Position and Extent
- Trilaminar Structure
- Relation of the Layers to Development
- Discovery of the Blastodermic Elements
- Short Outline of the more General Phenomena of Development of the Ovum
- Distinction of Embryonic and Peripheral Phenomena
- Intra-Embryonic Phenomena of Development
- Axial Rudiment of the Embryo
Cerebro-Spinal Axis
- The Notochord
- Protovertebrae
- Pleural Cleavage of the Lateral Parts of the Mesoblast
InFlection of the Walls of the Body of the Embryo
The Cerebro-Spinal Nervous Centre
The Nerves
Organs of the Senses
Vascular System
Alimentary Canal
Reproductive and Urinary Organs
The Limbs
Extra-Embryonic Phenomena of Development
The Yolk-Sac
The Amnion
The Allantois : Urinaiy Vesicle
The Chorion
Villi of the Chorion
Endochorion or Vascular Layer of the Allantois
Uteiiogestation : Placentation
Incapsulation of the Ovum in the Decidua
Earliest Observed Human Ova
Formation of Decidua
Structure of the Placenta
Circulation of Blood in the Placenta
Further Consideration of the Structure of the Placenta
General Conclusion
Separation at Birth and Eestoration of the Mucous Membrane of the Uterus
Development of Particular Organs and Systems
The Skeleton and Organs of Voluntary Motion
Vertebral Column and Trunk Segmentation of the Protovertebrae
Formation of Vertebral Matrices
The Head
The Cranium
The Cranial Flexures
Formation of the Mouth and
Hypophysis Cerebri
Subcranial, Facial, or Pharyngeal Plates or Arches
Relations of Cranial Nerves
Origin and Formation of the Limbs
Development of the Muscles
Formation of the Joints
Development of the Organs OF the Nervous System
The Spinal Marrow
The Brain or Encephalon
General Phenomena of Development in Birds and Mammals
Fartlier Development of the Brain in Man and Mammals
Development of the Nerves
Development of the Eye
Development of the Nose
Development of the Alimentary Canal and Organs arising from the Hypoblast
Alimentary Canal
The Liver
The Pancreas
The Spleen, Lymphatic Glands, Thymus and Thyroid Glands
Development of the Lungs and Trachea Pleurae
Pulmonary Vessels
Development of the Heart and Blood-Vessels
Development of the Heart
Origin of the Heart
Division into single Auricle
Ventricle, and Arteria Bulb
Division of the Cavities
Ventricles
Division of the Auricles
Division of the Arterial Bulb
Formation of the Valves
Development of the Blood Vessels
The Principal Arteries : the Aorta
Aortic or Branchial Arches
Development of the Great Veins
Peculiarities of the Foetal Organs of Circulation
Course of the Blood in the Foetus
Changes in the Circulation at Birth
Development of the Genital and Urinary Organs
Primary Formation of the UroGenital System
Wolffian Bodies
First Origin of the Wolffian Bodies
Homologies of the Wolffian Body
The External Organs
Further History of the Developmentof the Uro-Genital Organs
The Urinary Bladder and Urachus
Genital Cord
Reproductive Organs
Reproductive Glands
The Testicle
The Ovary
The Genital Passages
The Female Passages
The Male Passages
The Descent of the Testicles
Type of Development and Abnormal Forms of the Genital Organs
Table of Corresponding Parts of Genito-Urinary Organs, and their Relation to Formative Rudiments
- 1878 Elements of Anatomy: The Ovum | The Blastoderm | Fetal Membranes | Placenta | Musculoskeletal | Neural | Gastrointesinal | Respiratory | Cardiovascular | Urogenital
Historic Disclaimer - information about historic embryology pages |
---|
Pages where the terms "Historic" (textbooks, papers, people, recommendations) appear on this site, and sections within pages where this disclaimer appears, indicate that the content and scientific understanding are specific to the time of publication. This means that while some scientific descriptions are still accurate, the terminology and interpretation of the developmental mechanisms reflect the understanding at the time of original publication and those of the preceding periods, these terms, interpretations and recommendations may not reflect our current scientific understanding. (More? Embryology History | Historic Embryology Papers) |
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, May 19) Embryology Book - Quain's Elements of Anatomy. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Book_-_Quain%27s_Elements_of_Anatomy
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G