Talk:Developmental Signals - Anti-Mullerian Hormone
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2026, October 2) Embryology Developmental Signals - Anti-Mullerian Hormone. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Talk:Developmental_Signals_-_Anti-Mullerian_Hormone |
2018
Salivary and serum androgens with anti-Müllerian hormone measurement for the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome
Sci Rep. 2018 Feb 28;8(1):3795. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-22176-1.
Sathyapalan T1, Al-Qaissi A1, Kilpatrick ES2, Dargham SR3, Keevil B4, Atkin SL5.
Abstract
To determine the predictive value of a raised androgen level with an elevated anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) for the diagnosis or exclusion of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a prospective cross-sectional study of 170 women (105 with PCOS type A and 65 normal) was undertaken. AMH was combined with one of, total serum testosterone (T); calculated free androgen index; salivary testosterone (salT); serum androstenedione (A); salivary androstenedione (salA). The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of AMH (>35 pmol/l) alone for PCOS were 55% and 79% respectively. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of AMH (>35 pmol/l) with either an elevated T or raised FAI level for PCOS showed 100% specificity and a 100% positive predictive value. Conversely, diagnostic exclusion of PCOS was shown by an AMH <35 pmol/l with a normal T or FAI salivary testosterone giving 100% specificity and 100% positive predictive value. AMH with an elevated A or elevated salA level gave specificities of 87% and 94%, and positive predictive values 80% and 94%, respectively. Therefore, the combination of an AMH with a cut off of 35 pmol/l combined with a raised T and/or a FAI will confirm PCOS whilst a normal AMH with a normal T and/or FAI will exclude PCOS, thus addressing diagnostic uncertainty.
PMID: 29491484 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22176-1
In-vitro regulation of primordial follicle activation: challenges for fertility preservation strategies
Reprod Biomed Online. 2018 Feb 13. pii: S1472-6483(18)30051-8. doi: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2018.01.014. [Epub ahead of print]
Bertoldo MJ1, Walters KA2, Ledger WL2, Gilchrist RB2, Mermillod P3, Locatelli Y4.
Abstract
Ovarian tissue is increasingly being collected from cancer patients and cryopreserved for fertility preservation. While the only available option to restore fertility is autologous transplantation, this treatment is not appropriate for all patients due to the risk of reintroducing cancer cells and causing disease recurrence. Harnessing the full reproductive potential of this tissue to restore fertility requires the development of culture systems that support oocyte development from the primordial follicle stage. While this has been achieved in the mouse, the goal of obtaining oocytes of sufficient quality to support embryo development has not been reached in higher mammals despite decades of effort. In vivo, primordial follicles gradually exit the resting pool, whereas when primordial follicles are placed into culture, global activation of these follicles occurs. Therefore, the addition of a factor(s) that can regulate primordial follicle activation in vitro may be beneficial to the development of culture systems for ovarian tissue from cancer patients. Several factors have been observed to inhibit follicle activation, including anti-Müllerian hormone, stromal-derived factor 1 and members of the c-Jun-N-terminal kinase pathway. This review summarizes the findings from studies of these factors and discusses their potential integration into ovarian tissue culture strategies for fertility preservation. KEYWORDS: AMH; Anti-Müllerian hormone; Fertility preservation; In-vitro culture; Primordial follicle activation; c-Jun PMID: 29503209
2014
Biological variability in serum anti-Müllerian hormone throughout the menstrual cycle in ovulatory and sporadic anovulatory cycles in eumenorrheic women
Hum Reprod. 2014 Aug;29(8):1764-72. doi: 10.1093/humrep/deu142. Epub 2014 Jun 12.
Kissell KA1, Danaher MR2, Schisterman EF3, Wactawski-Wende J4, Ahrens KA3, Schliep K3, Perkins NJ3, Sjaarda L3, Weck J3, Mumford SL5. Author information Abstract STUDY QUESTION: Does serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) vary significantly throughout both ovulatory and sporadic anovulatory menstrual cycles in healthy premenopausal women? SUMMARY ANSWER: Serum AMH levels vary statistically significantly across the menstrual cycle in both ovulatory and sporadic anovulatory cycles of healthy eumenorrheic women. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Studies to date evaluating serum AMH levels throughout the menstrual cycle have conflicting results regarding intra-woman cyclicity. No previous studies have evaluated an association between AMH and sporadic anovulation. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: We conducted a prospective cohort study of 259 regularly menstruating women recruited between 2005 and 2007. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: Women aged 18-44 years were followed for one (n = 9) or two (n = 250) menstrual cycles. Anovulatory cycles were defined as any cycle with peak progesterone concentration ≤5 ng/ml and no serum LH peak on the mid or late luteal visits. Serum AMH was measured at up to eight-time points throughout each cycle. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: Geometric mean AMH levels were observed to vary across the menstrual cycle (P < 0.01) with the highest levels observed during the mid-follicular phase at 2.06 ng/ml, decreasing around the time of ovulation to 1.79 ng/ml and increasing thereafter to 1.93 (mid-follicular versus ovulation, P < 0.01; ovulation versus late luteal, P = 0.01; mid-follicular versus late luteal, P = 0.05). Patterns were similar across all age groups and during ovulatory and anovulatory cycles, with higher levels of AMH observed among women with one or more anovulatory cycles (P = 0.03). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: Ovulatory status was not verified by direct visualization. AMH was analyzed using the original Generation II enzymatically amplified two-site immunoassay, which has been shown to be susceptible to assay interference. Thus, absolute levels should be interpreted with caution, however, patterns and associations remain consistent and any potential bias would be non-differential. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: This study demonstrates a significant variation in serum AMH levels across the menstrual cycle regardless of ovulatory status. This variability, although statistically significant, is not large enough to warrant a change in current clinical practice to time AMH measurements to cycle day/phase. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS: This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (Contracts # HHSN275200403394C, HHSN275201100002I Task 1 HHSN27500001). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology 2014. This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US. KEYWORDS: anovulation; anti-Müllerian hormone; menstrual cycle PMID: 24925522 PMCID: PMC4093994 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deu142
